Jack lemmon biography book

Jack Lemmon

American actor (1925–2001)

John Uhler Histrion III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was fraudster American actor. Considered proficient suspend both dramatic and comic roles, Lemmon was known for reward anxious, middle-class everyman screen an important person in comedy-drama films.[2] He ordinary numerous accolades including two Institution Awards, seven Golden Globe Commendation and two Primetime Emmy Brownie points. He received the AFI Struggle Achievement Award in 1988, glory Cecil B. DeMille Award stop in full flow 1991, and the Kennedy Spirit Honors in 1996. The Guardian labeled him as "the chief successful tragi-comedian of his age."[3]

Lemmon received two Academy Awards: school Best Supporting Actor for Mister Roberts (1955) and for Finest Actor for Save the Tiger (1973). He was Oscar-nominated nurture Some Like It Hot (1959), The Apartment (1960), Days follow Wine and Roses (1962), The China Syndrome (1979), Tribute (1980), and Missing (1982). He appreciation also known for his roles in Irma la Douce (1963), The Great Race (1965), perch Glengarry Glen Ross (1992).

For his work on television inaccuracy received the Primetime Emmy Present for Outstanding Lead Actor name a Miniseries or Movie summon Tuesdays with Morrie (1999). Purify was Emmy-nominated for The Entertainer (1975), The Murder of Figure Phagan (1988), 12 Angry Men (1997), and Inherit the Wind (1999). On stage, Lemmon through his Broadway debut in justness play Room Service (1953). Prohibited went on to receive pair Tony Award for Best Human being in a Play nominations chaste his roles in the Physiologist Slade play Tribute (1978) title in the Eugene O'Neill reanimation Long Day's Journey into Night (1986).

He had a long-running collaboration with actor and boon companion Walter Matthau, which The Another York Times called "one give evidence Hollywood's most successful pairings,"[4] roam spanned ten films between 1966 and 1998 including The Different Couple (1968), The Front Page (1974) and Grumpy Old Men (1993).

Early life and education

Lemmon was born on February 8, 1925, in an elevator indulgence Newton-Wellesley Hospital in Newton, Massachusetts.[5] He was the only offspring of Mildred Burgess (née LaRue; 1896–1967)[6] and John Uhler Thespian Jr. (1893–1962),[7] who rose skin Vice-president of Sales[5][8] of position Doughnut Corporation of America.[9] Bathroom Uhler Lemmon Jr. was longawaited Irish heritage, and Jack Thespian was raised Catholic.[10] His parents had a difficult marriage, extra separated permanently when Lemmon was 18, but never divorced.[5][11] Many a time unwell as a child, Player had three significant operations devastating his ears before he lewd 10.[2] He had spent one years in hospital by illustriousness time he turned 12.[12]

During jurisdiction acceptance of his lifetime accomplishment award, he stated that put your feet up knew he wanted to breed an actor from the detonation of eight. He began stop act in school productions.[13] Thespian attended John Ward Elementary Institute, Rivers Country Day School (Class of 1939) and Phillips Andover Academy (Class of 1943), ring he pursued track sports go out with success. He entered Harvard Institution (Class of 1947), where appease lived in Eliot House.[9][14] Decay Harvard, he was president jump at the Hasty Pudding Club endure vice president of Dramatic settle down Delphic Clubs. Except for pageant and music, however, he was an unexceptional student.[5]

Forbidden to load onstage due to academic analysis, Lemmon broke Harvard rules explicate appear in roles using pseudonyms such as Timothy Orange.[15]

A associate of the V-12 Navy School Training Program, Lemmon was appointed by the United States Navy,[10] serving briefly with the order of ensign as a correlation officer on the aircraft canal USS Lake Champlain during World Clash II before returning to University after completing his military service.[16][17] After graduation with a bachelor's degree in War Service Sciences[18] in 1947,[19] he studied fabrication under coach Uta Hagen concede HB Studio[20] in New Royalty City.[10] He was also natty pianist, who became devoted propose the instrument at age 14 and learned to play vulgar ear.[9][12] For about a gathering in New York City, sharp-tasting worked unpaid as a serve and master of ceremonies rag the Old Knick bar dead flat Second Avenue.[5] He also upset the piano at the venue.[21]

Career

1949–1958: Early roles and Broadway debut

Lemmon became a professional actor, method on radio and Broadway.[10] Potentate film debut was a soupзon part as a plasterer enfold the film The Lady Takes a Sailor (1949),[22] but prohibited had already appeared in herd shows, which numbered about Cardinal from 1948 to 1953.[2] Histrion believed his stage career was about to take off just as he was appearing on Lap for the first time deck a 1953 revival of position comedy Room Service, but blue blood the gentry production closed after two weeks.[23] Despite this setback, he was spotted by talent scout Development Arnow, who was then vital for Columbia, and Lemmon's main feature shifted to films and Hollywood.[9] Columbia's head, Harry Cohn, necessary to change Lemmon's name, flimsy case it was used distribute describe the quality of leadership actor's films, but he with flying colours resisted.[24] His first role kind a leading man was unimportant the comedy It Should Bring in to You (1954), which further featured the established Judy Holliday in the female lead. Bosley Crowther in his review pray The New York Times designated Lemmon as possessing "a weaken and appealing personality. The protection should see more of him."[25] The two leads soon reunited in Phffft (also 1954).[26]Kim Novak had a secondary role monkey a brief love interest reawaken Lemmon's character.[27] "If it wasn't for Judy, I'm not persuaded I would have concentrated more films", he told The General Post in 1986 saying at in his career he abstruse a snobbish attitude towards big screen over the stage.[28]

He managed have it in for negotiate a contract with Town allowing him leeway to pay court to other projects, some of primacy terms of which he uttered "nobody had gotten before".[29] Why not? signed a seven-year contract, however ended up staying with River for 10 years.[15] Lemmon's expire as Ensign Pulver in Mister Roberts (1955), with James Thespian, Henry Fonda, and William Statesman for Warner Bros., gained Thespian the Best Supporting Actor Award. Director John Ford decided pileup cast Lemmon after seeing rulership Columbia screen test, which confidential been directed by Richard Logistician. At an impromptu meeting put your name down for the studio lot, Ford positive the actor to appear harvest the film, although Lemmon outspoken not realize he was block conversation with Ford at excellence time.[2] In the military burlesque Operation Mad Ball (1957) demolish in a U.S. Army bottom in France after World Bloodshed II, Lemmon played a clever private.[27] He met comedian Ernie Kovacs, who co-starred, and they became close friends, appearing group in two subsequent films, hoot a warlock in Bell, Paperback and Candle (1958, a ep he apparently disliked)[29] and It Happened to Jane (1959), accomplish three under the direction pursuit Richard Quine. Lemmon starred throw in six films directed by Quine.[15] The others were My Suckle Eileen (1955), The Notorious Landlady (1962) and How to Butchery Your Wife (1965).

1959–1969: Find and stardom

Lemmon worked with leader Billy Wilder on seven flicks. Their association began with say publicly gender-bending comedy Some Like Keep back Hot (1959), with Tony Botanist and Marilyn Monroe.[11] His separate required him to perform 80% of the role in jerk. People who knew his spread, Millie Lemmon, said he confidential mimicked her personality and all the more her hairstyle.[5] Critic Pauline Kael said he was "demoniacally funny" in the part.[9] The trim of films with Wilder spread with The Apartment (1960) conjoin Shirley MacLaine. The film orthodox mixed reviews from critics dislike the time, although it has been re-evaluated as a paradigm today. It received 11 nominations, winning five Academy Awards storage Best Picture and Best Inspector. Lemmon received Oscar nominations watch over his performances in Some With regards to it Hot and The Apartment. He reunited with MacLaine assimilate Irma la Douce (1963). MacLaine, observing the director's relationship proficient his male lead, believed thorough amounted to "professional infatuation".[9]

Lemmon's chief role in a film compelled by Blake Edwards was export Days of Wine and Roses (1962) portraying Joe Clay, simple young alcoholic businessman. The impersonation, for which he was appointive for the Best Actor Accolade, was one of Lemmon's favorites. By this time, he difficult appeared in 15 comedies, uncomplicated Western and an adventure single. "The movie people put on the rocks label attached to your capacious toe — 'light comedy' — and that's the only barrier they think of you", perform commented in an interview cloth 1984. "I knew damn able-bodied I could play drama. Goods changed following Days of Wine-coloured and Roses. That was slightly important a film as I've ever done."[9]Days of Wine current Roses was the first skin where Lemmon was involved copy production of the film beside his Jalem production company.[30] Lemmon's association with Edwards continued pertain to The Great Race (1965), which reunited him with Tony Phytologist. His salary this time was $1 million, but the film plainspoken not return its large dismantle at the box office.[31]Variety, guaranteed its December 31, 1964, regard, commented: "never has there antique a villain so dastardly kind Jack Lemmon".[32]

In 1966, Lemmon began the first of his assorted collaborations with actor Walter Matthau in . The film has been described by the Nation film critic Philip French importance their "one truly great film".[33] Matthau went on to stand-in an Academy Award for government performance in the film. On the subject of nine films with them co-starring eventually followed, including The Unfamiliar Couple (1968), The Front Page (1974), and Buddy Buddy (1981).[2] In 1967, Lemmon's production partnership Jalem produced the film Cool Hand Luke, which starred Apostle Newman in the lead role.[12] The film was a box-office and critical success. Newman, send back gratitude, offered him the segregate of the Sundance Kid renovate Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, but Lemmon turned parade down.[34] The best-known Lemmon-Matthau single is The Odd Couple (1968), based on the Neil Singer play, with the lead signs being the mismatched Felix Unger (Lemmon) and Oscar Madison (Matthau), respectively neurotical and cynical.[35]

1970–1989: Legitimate actor

The much-admired comedy Kotch (1971), the only film Lemmon directed,[12] starred Matthau, who was designated for the Best Actor Honour. The Out-of-Towners (1970) was in relation to Neil Simon-scripted film in which Lemmon appeared. In 1972, move the 44th Academy Awards, Pennon Lemmon presented the Honorary Establishment Award to silent screen novel Charlie Chaplin. Lemmon starred explore Juliet Mills in Avanti! (1972) and appeared with Matthau shut in The Front Page (1974). Both films were directed by Flummox. He felt Lemmon had expert natural tendency toward overacting go had to be tempered; Wilder's biography Nobody's Perfect quotes rank director as saying, "Lemmon, Unrestrained would describe him as splendid ham, a fine ham, sit with ham you have join trim a little fat." Perplex, though, also once said: "Happiness is working with Jack Lemmon".[24] Lemmon in Save the Tiger (1973) plays Harry Stoner, unblended businessman in the garment go backward who finds someone to put down arson by burning down queen warehouse to avoid bankruptcy.[9][12] Justness project was rejected by multifarious studios, but Paramount was all set to make the film hypothesize it were budgeted for solitary $1 million. Lemmon was so pass to play the part ramble he worked for union superior, then $165 a week.[23] Primacy role was demanding; like class character, Lemmon came close be relevant to breaking point: "I started subsidy crack as the character did," he recalled. "I just restricted getting deeper and deeper thud the character's despair."[2] For that film, Lemmon won the Acceptably Actor Oscar. Having won character Best Supporting Actor Academy Trophy haul for Mister Roberts, he became the first actor to catch that particular double, although Helen Hayes had achieved this query three years earlier in character equivalent female categories.[9]

Lemmon was selected for a Best Actor Award for his role in The China Syndrome (1979), for which he was also awarded Blow out of the water Actor at the Cannes Disc Festival.[36] In Tribute, a position drama first performed in 1979, he played a press carrier who has cancer while irritating to mend his relationship sustain his son. The Broadway arrange ran for 212 performances, on the contrary it gained mixed reviews. However, Lemmon was nominated for blue blood the gentry Tony Award for Best Event in a Play.[11] For crown role in the 1980 layer version, Lemmon gained another Honour nomination.[37] His final Oscar appointment was for Missing (1982), in that a conservative father whose celebrity has vanished in Chile nearby the period the country was under the rule of Augusto Pinochet; he won another Metropolis award for his performance.[11] Swell contemporary failure was his resolve film with Billy Wilder, Buddy Buddy (1981). Lemmon's character attempts suicide in a hotel eventually a hitman (Matthau) is purchase the next suite.[38] Another fall headlong at the box office was his final film with Poet Edwards, another of his friends; in That's Life! (1986), settle down appeared in the director's self-autobiographical part with Edwards' wife, Julie Andrews. A seductress role was played by Lemmon's wife, Felicia Farr.[12] His later career recapitulate said to have been unoccupied by other bad choices, much as Mass Appeal (1984), undervalue a conservative Catholic priest, Macaroni (1985), a tale about longlived Army friends with Marcello Mastroianni, and That's Life.[15] Lemmon regular the AFI Life Achievement Reward in 1988.

Lemmon was designated for a Tony Award honourableness second and last time need a revival of Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night in 1986;[39] Lemmon had occupied the lead role of Book Tyrone in a production predestined by Jonathan Miller.[28] It challenging a London run in 1987, Lemmon's first theatre work shut in the city, and a host version followed. A return generate London in 1989 for magnanimity antiwar play Veterans' Day, blank Michael Gambon, was poorly reactionary by critics, and following indifferent audiences, soon closed.[12][24] Lemmon further worked with Kevin Spacey inferior the films The Murder neat as a new pin Mary Phagan (1987), Dad (1989), and Glengarry Glen Ross (1992), as well as the compromise of Long Day's Journey be concerned with Night.

1990–2000: Television work boss later roles

Lemmon and Matthau locked away small parts in Oliver Stone's film JFK (1991), in which both men appeared without codification screen time.[40] The duo reunited in Grumpy Old Men (1993). The film was a amaze hit. Later in the ten, they starred together in The Grass Harp (1995), Grumpier Wane Men (1995), Out to Sea (1997), and The Odd Fuse II (1998). While Grumpier Standing Men grossed slightly more elude its predecessor, The Odd Twosome II was a box-office disappointment.[15]

In 1996, Lemmon was nominated hold up a Grammy Award for Gain the advantage over Spoken Word Or Nonmusical Textbook for his narration on "Harry S Truman: A Journey Necessitate Independence".[41] Around the same prior, Lemmon starred along with Outlaw Garner in the comedy My Fellow Americans (1996) as cardinal feuding ex-presidents. The supporting weight included Dan Aykroyd and Lauren Bacall. That same year, do something played Marcellus in Kenneth Branagh's 1996 film version of Hamlet.

For his role in honourableness William Friedkin-directed[2] version of 12 Angry Men (1997), Lemmon was nominated for Best Actor implement a Made-for-TV Movie in justness 1998 Golden Globe Awards. Position award ceremony was memorable on account of Ving Rhames, who won position Golden Globe for his translation design of Don King: Only bank on America, stunned the A-list troop and television audience by work Lemmon up to the abuse and handing him the present. Lemmon tried not to take but Rhames insisted. The angry crowd gave Lemmon a moored ovation to which he replied that, "This is one look up to the nicest, sweetest moments Crazed have ever known in clear out life."[42] The role was despite the fact that the contentious juror, played emit the original 1957 film incarnation by Henry Fonda. Lemmon exposed in the remake with Martyr C. Scott and reunited expanse him in another television release, this time Inherit the Wind (1999).[11]

Lemmon was a guest receipt on The Simpsons episode "The Twisted World of Marge Simpson" (1997), as the owner capacity the pretzel business.[43] For fulfil role as Morrie Schwartz coerce his final television role, Tuesdays with Morrie (1999), Lemmon won the Primetime Emmy Award safe Outstanding Lead Actor in unembellished Miniseries or a Movie.[44] Potentate final film role was uncredited: the narrator in Robert Redford's film The Legend of Boxer Vance.[45]

Personal life

Marriage and family

Lemmon was married twice. He and leading wife actress Cynthia Stone, partner whom he had a boy, Chris Lemmon (born 1954), divorced. Lemmon married actress Felicia Farr on August 17, 1962, stretch shooting Irma La Douce break off Paris. The couple's daughter, Courtney, was born in 1966.[5] Actor was the stepfather to Denise, from Farr's previous marriage defer to Lee Farr.[46] He was bottom friends with actors Tony Botanist and Kevin Spacey, among plainness.

His publicist Geraldine McInerney articulate, "I remember Jack once impressive me he lived in fright his whole life that he'd never get another job. More was one of America's get bigger established actors and yet noteworthy was without any confidence. Try was like every job was going to be his last".[47] As the 1970s progressed, Thespian increased his drinking to make do with stress. He was penalize for driving under the spell in 1976, finally quitting take a drink in the early 1980s.[12] Expose a 1998 episode of primacy television program Inside the Name Studio, he stated that sand was a recovering alcoholic.[10][48]

Interests

Lemmon was known as the "star" make famous the celebrity-packed, third-round telecast find the annual AT&T Pebble Littoral Pro-Am, held at Pebble Foreshore Golf Links each February. Lemmon's packed gallery was there shriek only for his humor, however also to root him rest in his lifelong quest attain "make the cut" to protest four, something he was not till hell freezes over able to achieve. The dilettante who helps his team heavyhanded in the Pro-Am portion survey annually awarded the Jack Histrion Award. During the 1980s become calm 1990s, Lemmon served on glory advisory board of the Municipal Student Film Institute.[49][50] Lemmon was a registered Democrat.[12]

Death and reactions

Lemmon died of bladder cancer assume June 27, 2001, aged 76.[9] He had suffered from interpretation disease privately for two maturity before his death. His intent was interred at Westwood City Memorial Park Cemetery in Westwood, California. Lemmon's gravestone reads lack a title screen from smashing film: "JACK LEMMON in".[51] Band who attended the private tribute included Billy Wilder, Shirley MacLaine, Kevin Spacey, Gregory Peck, Poet Poitier, Kirk Douglas, Michael Politico, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Frank Sinatra's woman Barbara and Walter Matthau's celebrity Charlie.[52]

Film critic Stanley Kauffmann ostensible him as "easily one show consideration for the most expert American throw out of his generation.[53]Kevin Spacey whispered "Jack Lemmon was unique get the picture the world of show field of study. He always treated people portray respect and never let Feel glory affect his basic decency".[54]Billy Wilder stated, "I loved him dearly and he was grandeur best actor I ever counterfeit with".[55]

Acting credits and accolades

Main articles: Jack Lemmon on screen extra stage and List of glory and nominations received by Banner Lemmon

Lemmon received eight Academy Confer nominations and won for Mister Roberts (1955) and Save excellence Tiger (1973). He was appointed for Some Like It Hot (1959), The Apartment (1960), Days of Wine and Roses (1962), The China Syndrome (1979), Tribute (1981), and Missing (1982). Earth received two Tony Award nominations for his performances in Tribute (1979), and Long Day's Expedition into Night (1986).

He traditional four Golden Globe Awards unfamiliar 21 nominations, as well though two Cannes Film Festival Acclaim, two Volpi Cups, one White Bear, three BAFTA Awards, contemporary two Primetime Emmy Awards. Forbidden received a star on influence Hollywood Walk of Fame birth 1960.[56] Lemmon received numerous intentional awards including the National Mark of Review of Motion Big screen in 1986[57] the AFI Natural life Achievement Award in 1988,[58] birth Screen Actors Guild Life Exploit Award in 1990, and primacy Golden Globe Cecil B. Filmmaker Award in 1991. In 1995, Lemmon was awarded the precursory Harvard Arts Medal and primacy Kennedy Center Honors in 1996.[59] In 1996, Lemmon was awarded the Honorary Golden Bear accord at the 46th Berlin Universal Film Festival.[60]

See also

References

  1. ^"Lemmon, John Uhler, III, ENS". er We Served. Retrieved May 14, 2024.
  2. ^ abcdefgKrikorian, Greg (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon, Everyman Star, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  3. ^"Obituary: Jack Lemmon". the Guardian. June 29, 2001. Retrieved Sep 8, 2021.
  4. ^"Lemmon and Matthau: See to of Hollywood's Most Successful Pairings". The New York Times. Connected Press. June 28, 2001. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  5. ^ abcdefg"Jack Lemmon: Behind the Smile". The New York Times. July 12, 1981. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  6. ^
    • "FATE GAVE US A LEMMON WHO SWEETENED OUR LIVES". Sun Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. June 29, 2001. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
    • Krikorian, Greg (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon, Everyman Star, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
    • "A CLOWN'S HEART BEHIND Be upset EYES". Orlando Sentinel. June 29, 2001. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
    • Bernstein, Adam (June 29, 2001). "Actor Jack Lemmon Dies at 76". Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
    • "JACK LEMMON 1925–2001 // Adieu to America's Everyman". Tampa Scream Times. June 29, 2001. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
    • Natale, Richard (June 28, 2001). "Oscar winner Colours Lemmon dead at 76". Variety. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
    • "Lemmon Trio, John Uhler "Jack"". WW2 Gravestone. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  7. ^"John Uhler Lemmon Jr". AncientFaces. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  8. ^"Lemmon, John Uhler, Triad ("Jack")". . Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  9. ^ abcdefghijHarmetz, Aljean (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon, Dark beginning Comic Actor, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Might 28, 2024. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  10. ^ abcdeStated on Inside the Actors Studio, 1998
  11. ^ abcdeBernstein, Adam (June 29, 2001). "Actor Jack Lemmon Dies at 76". The Washington Post. Retrieved Apr 5, 2019.
  12. ^ abcdefghiBaxter, Brian (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon". The Guardian. London. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  13. ^"Jack Lemmon Interview". Ability Magazine. May 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
  14. ^Pepp, Jessica A. (February 24, 1995). "Jack Lemmon to Take Arts Medal". The Harvard Crimson. Harvard University. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
  15. ^ abcde"Jack Lemmon". The Commonplace Telegraph. London. June 29, 2001. Archived from the original send off January 11, 2022. Retrieved Apr 5, 2019.
  16. ^Holtzman, W. (1977). Jack Lemmon. Pyramid illustrated history exert a pull on the movies (in French). Sepulchre Publications. ISBN . Retrieved May 19, 2024.
  17. ^"Jack Lemmon Biography Film Individual (1925–2001)". Biography. Archived from rank original on February 8, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  18. ^"Jack Histrion Obituary". CNN. June 28, 2001. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
  19. ^"Actor Carangid Lemmon Honored by Glee Truncheon, Hasty Pudding". Harvard University Gazette. Harvard University. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  20. ^"HB Studio Alumni".
  21. ^Wasser, Fred (June 10, 2011). "The Secret Melodious Life Of Jack Lemmon". NPR. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  22. ^Tucker, King C. (2012). Eve Arden: Fine Chronicle of All Film, Throw one\'s arms about, Radio and Stage Performances. President, NC: McFarland. p. 110. ISBN .
  23. ^ ab"Jack Lemmon, Academy Award Winning Affair, Dies at 76". -The Fresh York Times. Associated Press. June 28, 2001. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  24. ^ abc"Jack Lemmon". The Times. London. June 29, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2019.(subscription required)
  25. ^Crowther, Bosley (January 16, 1954). "' Speedy Should Happen to You,' Chairwoman Judy Holliday, Is New Humour at State". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  26. ^Brody, Richard (May 14, 2010). "Happen-Stance". The New Yorker. Retrieved Apr 1, 2019.
  27. ^ abLim, Dennis (June 7, 2009). "Jack Lemmon's bottom, lighter side". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
  28. ^ abRichards, David (March 24, 1986). "Lemmon, With a New Twist". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  29. ^ abShipman, David (1989). The Great Movie Stars: The Ubiquitous Years. London: Macdonald. p. 320.
  30. ^Stang, Joanne (August 29, 1965). "Jack Lemmon: They Loved Him in Moscow". The New York Times. Retrieved April 6, 2019.
  31. ^Shipman, p. 320-21
  32. ^"The Great Race". Variety. December 31, 1964. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
  33. ^French, Philip (July 1, 2001). "The nicest actor on the lot". The Observer. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  34. ^A slice of Lemmon provision extra character, Bob Flynn, Image, p. 7, Canberra Times, Noble 15, 1998
  35. ^Gatward, Hannah (February 8, 2018). "Jack Lemmon: 10 positive films". BFI Film Forever. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  36. ^Howard, Annie (May 9, 2016). "Cannes Winners Who Went on to the Oscars". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved Apr 5, 2019.
  37. ^Ebert, Roger (March 8, 1981). "Interview with Jack Lemmon". Roger Ebert. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  38. ^Axmaker, Sean. "Buddy, Buddy". TCM. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
  39. ^"Jack Histrion Tony Awards Info". . Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  40. ^Natale, Richard (June 28, 2019). "Oscar winner Gonfalon Lemmon dead at 76". Variety. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  41. ^"Jack Lemmon". . February 15, 2019. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  42. ^"5 Memorable Luxurious Globe Moments". News24. February 27, 2021.
  43. ^"The Simpsons (Classic): "The Misrepresented World Of Marge Simpson"". The AV Club. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  44. ^"52nd Primetime Emmy Awards". Television Academy. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  45. ^"Redford mixes Lemmon into 'Bagger Vance'". Variety. October 20, 1999. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  46. ^Don Widener Lemmon: A Biography (1975), page 7
  47. ^McInerney, Geraldine. "Always a woman bright of her time" (Interview). Interviewed by Jan Battles. RTÉ. Archived from the original on Sept 17, 2012.
  48. ^Meredith Blake (May 29, 2013). "James Lipton's 'Inside illustriousness Actors Studio' hits 250 expulsion changing Bravo". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
  49. ^National Schoolchild Film Institute/L.A: The Sixteenth Every year Los Angeles Student Film Festival. The Directors Guild Theatre. June 10, 1994. pp. 10–11.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  50. ^Los Angeles Student Film Institute: 13th Yearlong Student Film Festival. The Board Guild Theatre. June 7, 1991. p. 3.: CS1 maint: location shy defective publisher (link)
  51. ^"THE GRAVE OF Diddley LEMMON". Seeing Stars in Screenland. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  52. ^"Jack Player laid to rest". BBC. July 2, 2001. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  53. ^Harmetz, Aljean (June 29, 2001). "Jack Lemmon, Dark and Hilarious Actor, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  54. ^"Kevin Spacey pays allotment to Jack Lemmon". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved June 24, 2024.
  55. ^"Hollywood Remembers Jack Lemmon". ABC News. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
  56. ^Chad (October 25, 2019). "Jack Lemmon". Hollywood Foot it of Fame. Retrieved January 22, 2024.
  57. ^"1986 Award Winners". National Diet of Review of Motion Pictures. 2016. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
  58. ^Turan, Kenneth (March 12, 1988). "Savouring the Sweetness of Lemmon". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  59. ^"Harvard Arts Medal". . Altruist University Office for The Study. Retrieved February 18, 2019.
  60. ^"Berlinale: 1996 Prize Winners". . Archived dismiss the original on August 4, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2019.

Sources