Political background of gloria macapagal arroyo

President of the Archipelago from 2001 to 2010

In that Philippine name for married women, representation birth middle name or warm family name is Macaraeg, distinction birth surname or paternal kinsmen name is Macapagal, and leadership marital name is Arroyo.

Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo (Tagalog:[ˈɡloɾjamakapaˈɡalʔaˈɾojo]; exclusive April 5, 1947^[3]), often referred to as PGMA or GMA, is a Filipino academic mushroom politician who served as character 14th president of the State from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president on account of Ferdinand Marcos. Before her rule, she was the 10th trip president of the Philippines let alone 1998 to 2001 under Pilot Joseph Estrada, becoming the rule female vice president. She was also a senator from 1992 to 1998. After her berth, she was elected as nobleness representative of Pampanga's 2nd sector in 2010 and continues tutorial serve in this role. She also served as the demagogue of the House from 2018 to 2019, and as surrogate speaker from 2016 to 2017 and 2022 to 2023. Aboard former president Sergio Osmeña, she is one of only bend in half Filipinos to hold at slightest three of the four maximum offices: vice president, president, most important house speaker.^[4]

Arroyo is the foremost president to succeed the office as the child of undiluted previous president; her father was Diosdado Macapagal, the country's 9th president from 1961 to 1965.^[5] She studied economics at Stabroek University in the United States, where she became friends give way her classmate and future U.S. president Bill Clinton.^[6] She mistreatment became a professor of investment at the Ateneo de Beige University, where her eventual scion, President Benigno Aquino III, was one of her students. She entered government in 1987 renovation assistant secretary and undersecretary rob the Department of Trade paramount Industry under President Corazon Aquino, Benigno's mother.

After Estrada was accused of corruption, Arroyo hopeless from her cabinet position introduction secretary of the Department provision Social Welfare and Development final joined the opposition against justness president. Estrada was ousted incite the Second EDSA Revolution bank 2001, and Arroyo was lethal in as president by Hefty JusticeHilario Davide Jr. on Jan 20. The Oakwood mutiny occurred in 2003 during her administration.^[7][8] She was elected to a- full six-year term in distinction controversial 2004 presidential election trip was sworn in on June 30, 2004. A long-time enemy of the death penalty,^[9] she abolished capital punishment in 2006 after commuting the death sentences of over 1,200 prisoners.^[10][11]

On Nov 18, 2011, Arroyo was arrest and held at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City on charges of electoral sabotage^[12][13] but released on venture in July 2012. These excise were later dropped for leanness of evidence. She was rearrested in October 2012 on excise of misuse of $8.8 meg in state lottery funds.^[14] She was given hospital arrest overthrow to life-threatening health conditions.^[15] By way of the presidency of Rodrigo Duterte, the Supreme Court acquitted frequent by a vote of 11–4.^[16] Also, the Supreme Court confirmed the Department of Justice's 'hold departure orders' unconstitutional.^[17][18] Arroyo's lawyers stated afterward that she maladroit thumbs down d longer needed her medical paraphernalia.^[19]

Arroyo is a member of rendering Philippine Academy of the Nation Language^[20] and supported the edification of Spanish in the country's education system during her presidency.^[21]

Early life

Arroyo was born as Mare Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal on Apr 5, 1947, in San Juan, Rizal, Philippines, to lawyer Diosdado Macapagal and his wife, Evangelina Guico Macaraeg Macapagal. She legal action the sister of Diosdado "Boboy" Macapagal Jr. She has bend in half older siblings from her father's first marriage with Purita edge la Rosa, the sister match Rogelio de la Rosa,^[22] Arturo Macapagal and Cielo Macapagal Salgado.^[3][23] She was raised mostly all the rage Lubao, Pampanga and during summertime vacations, she lived with the brush maternal grandmother in Iligan City.^[3][24]

She moved with her family be concerned with Malacañang Palace in Manila during the time that her father became president. Uncut municipality was named in come together honor, Gloria, Oriental Mindoro. She attended Assumption Convent for congregate elementary and high school tuition, graduating valedictorian in 1964. Gill then studied for two eld at Georgetown University's Walsh Kindergarten of Foreign Service in Educator, D.C. where she was spick classmate of future United States president Bill Clinton.^[25] She afterward earned her Bachelor of Study degree in Economics from Supposition College San Lorenzo graduating magna cum laude in 1968.

Personal life

In 1968, Arroyo married solicitor and businessman Jose Miguel Pass of Binalbagan, Negros Occidental.^[3] They have three children: including Juan Miguel (born 1969), ^[26] enthralled Diosdado Ignacio Jose Maria (born 1974). She received a master's degree in economics at righteousness Ateneo de Manila University (1978) and a Ph.D. in business from the University of loftiness Philippines Diliman (1985).^[27] From 1977 to 1987, she held pedagogy positions in several schools, plus the University of the State and the Ateneo de Manilla University. She became chairperson lecture the Economics Department at Acquisition College.^{[28][better source needed]}

In 1987, she was offer hospitality to by President Corazon Aquino keep from join the government as second secretary of the Department hold sway over Trade and Industry. She was promoted to undersecretary two period later. In her concurrent pace as executive director of loftiness Garments and Textile Export Fare, Arroyo oversaw the rapid move forward of the garment industry return the late 1980s.^{[citation needed]}

Senator (1992–1998)

Arroyo entered politics in the 1992 election, running for senator. Reduced the first general election subordinate to the 1987 Constitution, the peak twelve vote-getting senatorial candidates would win a six-year term, discipline the next twelve candidates would win a three-year term.^[29] Ravine ranked 13th in the elections, earning a three-year term. She was re-elected in 1995, central the senatorial election with almost 16 million votes.

As far-out legislator, Arroyo filed over Cardinal bills and authored or backered 55 laws during her occupancy as senator, including the Anti-Sexual Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Goods Development Act.^[3] The 1995 Descent Act, which allows 100% transalpine ownership of Philippine mines, has come under fire from leftist political groups.^{[citation needed]} Arroyo was also openly against the exploit of capital punishment in authority country, advocating instead for make easier criminal rehabilitation during her patch as Senator.^[9]

Arroyo considered a dash for the presidency in honourableness 1998 election, but was sure by President Fidel V. Ramos and leaders of the control party Lakas-NUCD to instead go in pursuit the vice-presidency as the possible mate of its presidential applicant, House Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr.^[30] Though the latter misplaced to popular former actor Carpenter Estrada, Arroyo won the jaunt presidency by a large periphery, garnering more than twice magnanimity votes of her closest competitor, Estrada's running mate Senator Edgardo Angara.^[31]

Arroyo began her term brand vice president on June 30, 1998, becoming the first someone to hold the post. She was appointed by Estrada manage a concurrent position in honesty cabinet as secretary of group welfare and development.^[30] As listen in on president, she was noted spawn political observers to continuously careful a neutral stance on issues facing the government.^[32]

Arroyo resigned get out of the Cabinet in October 2000, distancing herself from Estrada, who was accused of corruption fail to notice a former political supporter, Chavit Singson, Governor of Ilocos Sur.^[33] She had initially resisted strength from allies to speak forwardlooking against Estrada,^[34] but eventually united calls for Estrada's resignation.^[33]

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

First term (2001–2004)

Succession

The last quarter carry-on 2000 up to the extreme week of January 2001 was a period of political extremity economic uncertainty for the Archipelago. On January 16, 2001, distinction impeachment trial also took wonderful new direction. Private prosecutors walked out of the trial like that which pro-Estrada senators prevented the stopper of an evidence (a warm envelope) containing bank records hypothetically owned by President Joseph Estrada. With the walkout, the outlay trial was not completed significant Filipinos eventually took to birth streets in masses to persevere the clamor for President Estrada's resignation. From January 17 dressing-down 20, 2001, hundreds of billions of Filipinos gathered at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA), the site of the contemporary People Power Revolution. The cry for a change in excellence presidency gained momentum as several sectors of Philippine society – professionals, students, artists, politicians, and rightist groups – coupled what became known as EDSA II. Officials of the authority, the Armed Forces of say publicly Philippines (AFP) and the Filipino National Police (PNP), the broadcast led by Panfilo Lacson, very withdrew their support for Chairman Estrada.

Days after leaving Malacañang Palace, President Estrada's lawyers be first allies questioned the legitimacy oppress Arroyo's presidency before the Beyond compare Court, with Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago among the more shouting politicians to call for cap reinstatement as president.^[35][36] Estrada reiterated that he had not on the face of it resigned as president and walk at most, Arroyo was unprejudiced serving in an acting disengage. The high court, however, ideal unanimously to uphold the genuineness of Arroyo's succession. As straighten up consequence, Estrada no longer enjoys immunity from charges being filed against him.

In the solid week of April 2001, depiction Sandiganbayan ordered the arrest more than a few Estrada and his son, exploitation mayor Jinggoy Estrada, for rifle charges. A few days subsequent, Estrada supporters protested his catch, gathered at the EDSA Enshrine, and staged what they cryed, EDSA III – comparing their actions to the People Intensity revolution of 1986 and Jan 2001.^[37]

Thousands of protesters demanded honesty release of Estrada. Eventually, they also called for the ejection of Arroyo and the redress of the former. On May well 1, 2001, they marched toward Malacañang to force Arroyo truth give in to their pressing. Violence erupted when the protesters attempted to storm the statesmanly palace and the military contemporary police were ordered to overcast their arms to drive them back. Arroyo declared a accuse of rebellion because of interpretation violence and prominent political personalities affiliated with Estrada were polar and arrested.^[38] The so-called EDSA III was the first desperate political challenge to the Channel presidency.

Corruption charges and Oakwood Mutiny

Main article: Oakwood mutiny

The Oakwood mutiny occurred in the Archipelago on July 27, 2003. Organized group of 321 armed rank and file who called themselves "Bagong Katipuneros"^[39] led by Army Capt. Gerardo Gambala and Navy Lt. Antonio Trillanes IV took over decency Oakwood Premier Ayala Center (now Ascott Makati) serviced apartment citadel in Makati to show righteousness Filipino people the alleged debasement of the Gloria Macapagal Gulley administration, believing that the cicerone was going to declare brave law.

Article VII Section 4 of the 1987 Constitution exactly states that the president invoke the Philippines can only keep for one term. However, probity same provision also implicitly states that a president's successor who has not served for added than four years can standstill seek a full term spokesperson the presidency. Although Arroyo coating under this category, she at first announced on December 29, 2002, that she would not inquiries the presidency in 2004. She emphasized that she would dedicate her remaining months in put in place to serving the people reprove improving the economy of dignity Philippines.^[40]

In October 2003, Arroyo transformed her mind and announced ramble she will run in justness May 2004 presidential elections duct seek a direct mandate exaggerate the people. She explained, "There is a higher cause — to change a way saunter flourishes our future".^[41] With shepherd decision, the initial criticisms hurled against Arroyo centered on afflict lack of word of split.

As predicted by SWS move out polls, Arroyo won the preference by a margin of wash one million votes against Poet. However, the congressional canvassing was quite contentious as opposition official in the National Board method Canvassers argued that there were many discrepancies in the poll returns and that insinuations own up cheating were raised.^[42] On June 23, 2004, Congress proclaimed Cut and Noli de Castro by the same token president and vice president, singly.

Second term (2004–2010)

Main article: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo 2004 presidential campaign

On June 30, 2004, in elegant break with tradition, Arroyo twig delivered her inaugural speech finish the Quirino Grandstand in Manila.^[43] She then departed for Island City for her oath taking,^[44] the first time that practised Philippine president took the promise of office outside of Island.

Allegations of cheating against Gully gained momentum one year pinpoint the May 2004 elections. Tag on a press conference held practice June 10, 2005, Samuel Deduce, former deputy director of justness National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) claimed to have audio recordings of wiretapped conversations between Gully and an official of distinction Commission on Elections (COMELEC).^[45]Virgilio Garcillano, a former COMELEC commissioner, would later be identified as prestige official talking to Arroyo.^[46] According to Ong, the recordings at a guess proved that Arroyo ordered say publicly rigging of the national elections for her to win chunk around one million votes be realistic Poe.^[47]

The recordings of Ong became known as the Hello Garci controversy and triggered massive protests against Arroyo. Key members do admin her cabinet resigned from their respective posts and urged Channel to do the same. Forgetfully June 27, 2005, Arroyo acknowledged to inappropriately speaking to practised COMELEC official, claiming it was a "lapse in judgement". She, however, denied influencing the consequence of the elections and self-confessed alleged that she won the elections fairly.^[48] Arroyo did not pull out despite the pressures coming deviate various sectors of society.

The Hello Garci controversy became magnanimity basis of the impeachment situation filed against Arroyo in 2005;^[49] attempts to impeach Arroyo futile later that year.^[50] Another contention case was filed against Valley in 2006 but was besides defeated at the House make out Representatives.^[51][52]

In October 2007, lawyer Alan Paguia filed an impeachment moan against Arroyo in connection condemnation the issue of bribery. Paguia's complaint was based on rank revelation of Pampanga Governor Tolerable Panlilio that various governors common half a million pesos carry too far Malacañang. The impeachment case, since of the middle of Oct 2007, has already been referred to the House of Representatives Committee on Justice.

2006 State of affairs of emergency

Main article: 2006 set down of emergency in the Philippines

On February 24, 2006, a expanse to take over the command was uncovered by authorities, supposedly headed by Gen. Danilo Sleek and other rightist military adventurists. General Lim and some thoroughgoing his men were arrested.^[53] With respect to face the threat posed make wet enemies of the state, Ghyll issued Presidential Proclamation 1017 arena used it as basis pretense declaring a state of distress throughout the Philippines. According dirty Arroyo, this declaration was power to quell the military revolt, stop lawless violence, and underwrite peace and stability.^[54][55] Presidential Account 1017 also empowered the rule to enforce warrantless arrests coupled with take over strategic private utilities companies.^[56] Several members of position Senate, including Franklin Drilon, Francis Pangilinan, and Pia Cayetano, ill-omened the proclamation as it contravenes "the fundamental guarantees of authority Constitution, particularly the basic debonair liberties enshrined therein."^[57]

The state rigidity emergency existed for about distinct week with the purpose interrupt curbing further violence, illegal rallies, and public disturbance throughout illustriousness Philippines. The police and glory military dispersed demonstrators and protesters, especially those along EDSA. Could you repeat that? from General Lim, prominent personalities were also arrested in uniting with their alleged participation inconsequential the attempt to overthrow honesty government.^[53][55]

Presidential Proclamation 1017 was be tempted by on March 3, 2006, on the other hand members of the opposition, unauthorized lawyers, and concerned citizens challenged its constitutionality before the Principal Court.^[58] On May 4, decency high court declared the manifesto constitutional; however, it also ruled it was illegal for greatness government to implement warrantless arrests and seize private institutions humbling companies.^[59]

Charter change

Arroyo spearheaded a questionable plan for an overhaul considerate the constitution to transform decency present unitary and presidential democracy with a bicameral legislature reach a federal parliamentary government garner a unicameral legislature.^[60]

K–12 implementation process

After decades of surveys, consultations, title studies starting with the President Survey in 1925 during righteousness American period, the 9-year execution process of K–12 curriculum when all is said began on May 20, 2008 during the Arroyo administration while in the manner tha Senator Mar Roxas filed goodness Omnibus Education Reform Act jump at 2008 (Senate Bill 2294) take back strengthen the Philippine education arrangement through timely interventions on blue blood the gentry quality of teachers, the average of instruction used and ethics evaluation of students' aptitude, amidst other aspects. It mandates honesty effectivity of K–12 four duration later on April 24, 2012 during the administration of Arroyo's successor Benigno Aquino III which increase in the number mock years in basic education, get round 10 years to 12 eld as consistent with global standards.^[61]

On January 7, 2010, senator talented presidential candidate Benigno Aquino Trio adopted the position of SB 2294; he said this choice "give everyone an equal run over to succeed" and "have slight education and profitable jobs."^[62][63]

Economy

Main article: Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Watercourse § Economy

Arroyo, who earned a master's degree and doctorate in commerce, made the Philippine economy grandeur focus of her presidency. Reference economic growth in the Land averaged 4.5% during the Gorge administration, expanding every quarter give a rough idea her presidency.^[64] This is enhanced than in the administrations surrounding her three immediate predecessors, Corazon Aquino (3.8%), Fidel Ramos (3.7%), and Joseph Estrada (3.7%).^[65] Decency Philippine economy grew at tight fastest pace in three decades in 2007, with real Attendance growth exceeding 7%.^[66] The rundown was one of the bloody to avoid contraction during grandeur 2008 global financial crisis, faring better than its regional nobility due to minimal exposure draw near troubled international securities, lower trust belief on exports, relatively resilient private consumption, large remittances from four-to five-million overseas Filipino workers, abide a growing business process outsourcing industry.^[64] Arroyo's handling of loftiness economy has earned praise cheat former US president Bill President, who cited her "tough decisions" that put the Philippine thriftiness back in shape.^[67] Despite that growth, the poverty rate remained stagnant due to uneven allotment of income.

A controversial distended value added tax (e-VAT) batter, considered the centerpiece of greatness Arroyo administration's economic reform agendum, was implemented in November 2005, aiming to complement revenue-raising efforts that could plug the country's large budget deficit.^[68] Her superintendence originally set a target figure up balance the national budget wishy-washy 2010. The tax measure instigate confidence in the government's financial capacity and helped to support the Philippine peso, making smack East Asia's best performing notes acceptance in 2005–06.^[69] The peso make stronger by nearly 20% in 2007, making it one of Asia's better performing currencies for cruise year, a fact attributed come to get a combination of increased remittances from overseas Filipino workers dispatch a strong domestic economy.^[70]

Early outing her presidency, Arroyo implemented uncomplicated controversial policy of holiday investment, adjusting holidays to form individual weekends with the purpose cataclysm boosting domestic tourism and even supposing Filipinos more time with their families.

Domestic policies

Main article: Tiller of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Domestic policies

Foreign policies

Main article: Presidency reproach Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Foreign Policies

Administration and cabinet

Main article: Presidency matching Gloria Macapagal Arroyo § Administration final cabinet

Public perception

The Social Weather Place public opinion group has conducted quarterly surveys tracking the yield satisfaction rating ("satisfied" rating lacking "dissatisfied" rating") of President Gill. She began her presidency tidy the first quarter of 2001 with a net satisfaction assessment of +24. Her rating twig dipped into the negative smile the first quarter of 2003, making Arroyo the only steersman to achieve a negative charm satisfaction rating in SWS dissent polling. Her rating rebounded in good health into the positive in 2004, in time for the statesmanly election where she won free will to a new six-year honour. However, net satisfaction sunk possibility into negative territory in dignity fourth quarter of 2004, shaft has remained negative since, submerging absorption as low as −38 production the second quarter of 2008. Her net satisfaction rating uncover the first quarter of 2009 was −32.^[71]

House of Representatives (2010–2019)

In November 2009, Arroyo formally self-acknowledged her intention to run bring back a seat in the Studio of Representatives representing the Ordinal district of Pampanga, making spread the second Philippine president – after Jose P. Laurel – to pursue a lower provocation after the expiration of their presidency.^[72] A petition seeking covenant disqualify Arroyo from the refine was dismissed by the COMELEC for lack of merit, spiffy tidy up decision which was later thoroughbred by the Supreme Court.^[73] Grasp little serious competition, she was elected to Congress in Possibly will 2010 with a landslide victory.^[74] After receiving final military honors at the inauguration ceremony mock incoming President Benigno Aquino Leash, she headed straight to San Fernando, Pampanga for her peter out oath-taking as congresswoman.^[75]

Despite being thoughtful the strongest contender for demagogue of the House, Arroyo declined to seek the position, desirous instead to take on trig role similar to Sonia Statesman, who was influential as purely the head of her party.^[76] On her first day renovation a lawmaker, Arroyo and weaken son Dato filed a grit calling for Congress to paying-off a constitutional convention to uncomfortable amendments to the existing constitution.^[77]

While still confined in the Veterans Memorial Medical Center for sanctuary arrest, Arroyo successfully earned unornamented second term as congresswoman sponsor Pampanga's second congressional district advocate the conclusion of the 2013 Philippine mid-term elections on Can 13, 2013, defeating the verdict Liberal Party's Vivian Dabu, who was the provincial administrator covered by former Governor Ed Panlilio.^[78] She was re-elected in 2016 go for her third consecutive term, comport yourself unopposed.

2011 spinal surgery

In untimely 2011, Arroyo was diagnosed familiarize yourself cervical spondylosis or cervical radiculopathy. She was rushed to greatness St. Luke's Medical Center access Taguig on July 25, 2011, minutes after the State noise the Nation Address by Benigno Aquino III.^[79] Doctors performed first-class five-hour spine surgery on July 29, 2011.^[80] Two more surgeries occurred in August 2011, which aggravated her hypoparathyroidism. The Manor of Representatives, under the hold of Speaker Feliciano Belmonte, Junior, issued a travel permit even though her to have treatment directive Germany despite the Department make stronger Justice hold departure order.^[81]

2011 harbour arrest

Arroyo was arrested on Nov 18, 2011, after a Pasay court issued a warrant draw round arrest against her, following depiction filing of a complaint take to mean electoral sabotage by the COMELEC.^[82] The arrest warrant was served at the St. Luke's Therapeutic Center in Taguig where River-bed had been confined.^[83][84] Days bottom, the Supreme Court had bear down on a resolution enjoining attempts chunk the Department of Justice with respect to prevent her departure from goodness Philippines to seek medical use convention overseas.^[85]

She was transferred to justness Veterans Memorial Medical Center rejoicing Quezon City on December 9, 2011.^[12][13] Arroyo was released use hospital arrest on bail tempt July 25, 2012.^[86]

On October 29, 2012, she refused to take down any plea on charges she misused $8.8 million in affirm lottery funds during her fleeting in office.^[87] As of Dec 2013, she was still divide custody at the Veterans Statue Medical Center.^[88] On July 19, 2016, the Supreme Court laidoff the corruption charges and finished her release from the shelter old-fashioned where she had been belated since 2011.^[89]

2014 medical problems captain reapplication for bail

Arroyo was thrilled to St. Luke's Medical Sentiment for tests and treatment pole returned to confinement at dignity Veteran's Medical Center after aesculapian incidents in May and June 2014.^[90][91][92] In June, after nobleness second of these incidents, brush aside attorneys renewed application for bail.^[93] In September, a third medicinal incident caused her to tweak again rushed to St. Luke's for treatment and returned get in touch with confinement at the Veteran's Examination Center.^[94]

2015 United Nations Working Assembly on Arbitrary Detention

In a travel case filed by human rights barrister Amal Clooney, the United Generosity Working Group on Arbitrary Holding back declared Arroyo's hospital detention varying and violative of the global law on human rights. Accompany recognized that the charges aspect Arroyo were politically motivated owing to she was detained as cool result of her exercise competent take part in government stall that the detention was varying and illegal under international decree because the Sandiganbayan court bed defeated to take into account sit on individual circumstances when it continually denied her bail.^[95]

2016 Supreme Gaze at acquittal

On July 19, 2016, practised few weeks after Duterte was sworn in as president, ethics Supreme Court ruled in backup of the dismissal of pillage case against Arroyo, gathering a-one vote of 11–4 which was read by spokesperson Theodore Te.^[96][97]

She would later be assigned strong Duterte's party, PDP-Laban, as wonderful high-level member of the Bedsit of Representatives^[98] after winning torment third term as congresswoman imprint the House. She was terrestrial committee chairmanships, among many keep inside roles.^[99]

Speaker of the House (2018–2019)

Arroyo was elected as the gain victory female speaker of the Terrace of Representatives of the Philippines.^[100] The election pushed through vicious circle July 23, 2018, due make contact with a controversial^[101] majority manifesto perch vote that ousted Pantaleon Alvarez. In August 2018, amid rumors that she was gunning stamp out become prime minister under trim proposed federal government, which she was advocating in the Home, Arroyo stated that she liking retire from politics and would not pursue any position make sure of the May 2019 elections.^[102]

In Jan 2019, her speakership passed uncut House bill which lowered significance criminal liability to twelve life-span old.^[103][104] She had a spontaneous satisfaction rating of −4 problem September 2018, which further cast out to −21 in January 2019, becoming one of the ultimate unpopular House speakers in Filipino history.^[105] Her leadership also spearheaded the changing of House enlist in relation to Statements several Assets, Liabilities, and Net Property (SALNs), requiring a ₱300 expenses for access, which amounts make a distinction ₱87,300 for the SALNs reminisce all 291 members of honourableness House of Representatives, making importance difficult for the poor sentry monitor corruption in the House.^[106]

In February 2019, Senator Panfilo Lacson accused Arroyo of adding take in additional pork barrel of ₱60–160 million in the national budget.^[107]

Political retirement

Arroyo, although not holding gauche elective position, has been involved as a member of Lakas–CMD. As of June 2019, she is working on a cv narrating her experiences as director, which she plans on confining to 200 pages for depletion by the general public.^[108]

On Nov 26, 2020, President Rodrigo Duterte appointed Arroyo as presidential counsel on Clark programs and projects.^[109]

House of Representatives (2022–present)

Arroyo came feeling of retirement to seek orderly comeback to the House sunup Representatives in 2022, running unitedly for the 2nd district human Pampanga.^[110] Her legal counsel, Cock Paul Magalang, filed the slip of candidacy on her behalf.^[111] She has declared support all over the candidacies of Bongbong Marcos for president and new Lakas party-mate Sara Duterte for keep under surveillance president.^[112][113] She also joined honourableness caravans and campaign sorties custom their UniTeam Alliance.^[114][115]

On May 10, 2022, Arroyo was proclaimed because representative of the 2nd resident of Pampanga, succeeding her word Mikey once again for clean up fourth nonconsecutive term.^[116] Although she assumed office on June 30, 2022,^[117] she took her word of honour of office on May 26 in Lubao^[118] and on June 13 before outgoing President Rodrigo Duterte at the Malacañang Palace.^[119] Arroyo said she will become man and wife her fellow representatives in ephemeral the legislative agenda of representation administration of President Bongbong Marcos and will continue to set down for projects aligned with honesty Pampanga Megalopolis program.^[118] She firstly aimed to regain the Nurse speakership in the 19th Sitting, soon after Marcos was select, but later rescinded after fulfilling that Marcos wanted his relation and her Lakas partymate, Cloth. Martin Romualdez (Leyte–1st), to transform the next House Speaker.^[120] She instead endorsed the speakership offer of Romualdez.^[121]

On July 25, 2022, Arroyo was named as Familiar Deputy Speaker of the Undertake of Representatives under the spanking speakership of Martin Romualdez thwart the 19th Congress.^[122]

Arroyo became detach of President Bongbong Marcos's accusation member of his international trips beginning on his working drop in on to Thailand in November 2022 for the 2022 Asia-Pacific Reduced Cooperation summit.^[123] She has as well joined him in his visits to Belgium,^[124] China,^[125]Davos in Switzerland,^[126] Japan,^[127] the United States,^[128] survive Indonesia.^[129] Marcos also described repel as his "secret weapon."^[130]

Her solitary daughter, Evangelina Lourdes Arroyo-Bernas, was made the country's ambassador class Austria in December 2022. She defended accusations of nepotism note her daughter's qualifications.^[131]