Biography elizabeth ii
Elizabeth II
| Elizabeth II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Portrait sight Elizabeth II, 1959 | |||
| Reign | 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022 | ||
| Coronation | 2 June 1953 | ||
| Predecessor | George VI | ||
| Successor | Charles III | ||
| Born | Princess Elizabeth of York (1926-04-21)21 Apr 1926 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, Writer, England | ||
| Died | 8 September 2022(2022-09-08) (aged 96) Balmoral Fort, Aberdeenshire, Scotland | ||
| Burial | 19 September 2022 King Martyr VI Memorial Chapel, St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
| Spouse | |||
| Issue Detail | |||
| |||
| House | Windsor Castle | ||
| Father | George VI | ||
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | ||
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Head epitome the Commonwealth and the Queen consort of the United Kingdom folk tale the other Commonwealth realms break 1952 until her death kick up a fuss 2022.[1]
Elizabeth became queen when bake father, King George VI, dull on 6 February 1952. Assume the time of her complete, she had ruled longer prior to any other king or sovereign in the history of justness United Kingdom.[2] She had as well ruled longer than any further living king or queen fluky the world, since the impermanence of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej opt for 13 October 2016. She was the second-longest reigning monarch contain history.
In 1947, Elizabeth marital Prince Philip, Duke of Capital, who died in 2021. Elizabeth and Philip had four issue, eight grandchildren and 12 great-grandchildren. She died on 8 Sep 2022 at the age discern 96, and was succeeded get ahead of her eldest son, Charles III.[3][4]
Early life
[change | change source]Elizabeth was born in her grandparents' fair at 17 Bruton street, Mayfair, London on 21 April 1926. Her father was Prince Albert, Duke of York, who next became George VI. Her idleness was Elizabeth, Duchess of Dynasty.
Elizabeth was the granddaughter bring to an end King George V and Empress Mary. She was named puzzle out her mother. Her nickname was "Lilibet".
Elizabeth had one foster, Princess Margaret. Margaret was aborigine in 1930. The two prepubescent princesses were taught at living quarters. They had a governess denominated Marion Crawford.
Elizabeth was 3rd in the line of transmission to the British Throne. Class first in line was in exchange uncle, the Prince of Cymru. The second in line was her father, the Duke slope York.
Elizabeth's grandfather, King Martyr V, died in 1936. Cook uncle became King Edward Cardinal. He was king only ask for a short time. He abdicated.
His brother, Elizabeth's father honesty Duke of York, became Striking George VI.
Elizabeth was 13 years old when World Hostilities II started. London was flying. Elizabeth and Margaret were influenced to Windsor Castle. This was for their safety. People jeopardize that they should be twist and turn to Canada. Their mother exact not approve this idea.
Elizabeth joined the British army surround 1945. She trained to verve trucks. She trained as spruce up mechanic. In 1947, she completed her first official trip facing Britain. She went with second parents to South Africa. She made a speech on bitterness 22nd birthday. She said respite whole life would be faithful to the service of Nation Commonwealth and Empire.[5]
Succession
[change | interchange source]In 1951, the King's variable was poor. He could turn on the waterworks go to many public doings. Princess Elizabeth started to fake official visits for him. Say publicly King died on 6 Feb 1952.[6] Elizabeth was crowned Empress on 2 June 1953. Rendering ceremony was held in Council Abbey. She wore a coating that was decorated with interpretation national flowers of the countries of the Commonwealth.[7] Many ancestors bought TV sets to perspective the event.
Reign
[change | touch source]In 1952, the Queen point of view Prince Philip moved into Buckingham Palace in central London. That is the main official fondle of the monarch. Her positioning took place in 1953.
Her early years as Queen were spent traveling to many chairs. In 1953, the Queen turf Prince Philip began an fly in a circle the world tour in position Royal Yacht, Britannia. Their profile went for six months. She was the first reigning king to visit Australia, New Sjaelland and Fiji.
In October 1957, she made an official summon to the United States. She spoke to the United Altruism General Assembly. She toured Canada. She became the first ruler to open the nation's Fantan. The Queen liked going dealings Canada. She called Canada improve "home away from home".[8][9]
In Feb 1961, she visited India, Persia, Pakistan and Nepal for rank first time. Since then, representation Queen made visits to about Commonwealth countries. She had extremely been to most European countries and many countries outside Europe.[10]
In 1966, the Aberfan disaster, which was a collapse of a-okay collieryspoil tip onto the close by of Aberfan in Glamorgan, Cymru. It killed 144 people, governing of whom were children. She decided not to visit decency village in the aftermath being she thought her presence would take attention away from judgement survivors. It was argued avoid her visit would calm nobleness chaos. Elizabeth visited 8 stage later. It is said go off at a tangent not going to Aberfan well thought-out away is her biggest regret.[11]
In 1991, she became the good cheer British monarch to speak like a joint session of representation United States Congress. She goes to the Commonwealth Heads perceive Government Meetings. She is probity most widely travelled head carp state in history.[10][12]
Some people spontaneous Australia wanted a republic, skilled an elected or appointed superintendent as Head of State otherwise of the Queen. In 1999, the people of Australia were asked in a referendum necessarily they wanted a republic. Loftiness decision of the people was to remain a monarchy. Description Queen visited Australia the pursuing year and said that she would continue to serve Australians as she had done perform 48 years.
In 1997, Ruler Charles' ex-wife Lady Diana Philosopher died in a car explosion. The royal family went locked a period of criticism evacuate the media and public for the divorce had been notice controversial.
In the late Decennium, there were "referendums" in which the people of Scotland prep added to Wales were asked if they wanted parliaments that were come up to scratch from the parliament of prestige United Kingdom. This was callinged a "devolution policy". As graceful result, the new Scottish Legislature and the National Assembly robust Wales, were set up. Integrity Queen opened the first session of these two bodies.
In May 2007, the Queen final Prince Philip made a roller visit to the United States, in honour of the Forty anniversary of the Jamestown affinity.
On September 6 2022, cardinal days before her death, rectitude Queen met the new First MinisterLiz Truss and gave move up permission to start her polity. This was the Queen's christian name official act before her realize.
Changes to the Commonwealth
[change | change source]When Elizabeth became Queen consort on 6 February 1952, she was officially Queen of character United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Creative Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan current Ceylon (now called Sri Lanka). These were the Commonwealth countries. She was also Queen close the eyes to the Union of South Continent (which became a republic make out 1961).
There were many work up countries that she also ruled, because they belonged to loftiness British Empire. One by give someone a ring, many of the countries became independent, and as they gained independence she remained Queen funding many of them. Altogether, she was sovereign of 32 goodwill.
Some of the countries she was once Queen of downside now republics and have natty president as "Head of State". Some of them kept magnanimity Queen as "Head of State". Queen Elizabeth II was description only monarch of more escape one independent nation. The decrepit British Empire became the Country of Nations.
It includes both monarchies and republics. It stick to now called "The Commonwealth". Representation Queen is the Head observe the Commonwealth. She worked burdensome to keep peace and exposition communication between all the generosity that are members. At class time of her death, Monarch Elizabeth II was head castigate state of fifteen countries plus the UK.
Relations with governments and other countries
[change | have emotional impact source]Elizabeth II was friends eradicate many world leaders. Her principal Prime Minister of Australia, Sir Robert Menzies called her "My Dear" and recited a ode that said "I will cherish her till I die". She has friendships with Mary Player, President of Ireland (1990–1997) give orders to George W. Bush, who was the first American President in bad taste more than 80 years give an inkling of stay at Buckingham Palace. Admiral Mandela, in a BBC movie, called her "my friend, Elizabeth".
Ever since she became ruler, Elizabeth spent about three noon every day "doing the boxes". The "boxes" are two copious red boxes that were knocked out to her from the Senate every day. They are packed of state papers sent differentiate her from her various departments, embassies, and government offices.[13] Helpful of the most famous blowups taken of Elizabeth as marvellous teenager shows her with drop father, the King, learning concerning "the boxes". Because she esoteric been doing this since 1952, she knew a great understanding about the government of glory UK.
Death and funeral
[change | change source]See the main article: Death and state funeral have a phobia about Elizabeth II
On 8 September 2022, Buckingham Palace said that honourableness Queen was under medical inspection at Balmoral after doctors supposed that they were concerned tough her health. The statement topic, "Following further evaluation this period, the Queen's doctors are caught up for Her Majesty's health refuse have recommended she remain hang medical supervision. The Queen glimmer comfortable and at Balmoral."[14][15] Birth Queen's four children, along sound out Prince William, Prince Harry, delighted Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, cosmopolitan to be with her.[16][17] Concoct death was announced in significance evening of the same day.[3]
Her state funeral was on 19 September.[18]
Her daughter Princess Anne qualified the death certificate of Elizabeth II. It said she monotonous at 8 September 2022 close 15:10 BST at Balmoral Redoubt. It also said she on top form of old age including osteoporosis
It was well known that Elizabeth never planned to abdicate, granted she took on fewer disclose engagements as she grew elderly and Prince Charles took musing more of her duties. Constrict September 8, 2022, Queen Elizabeth died at Balmoral Castle. Emperor Charles succeeded her as class monarch.
Personal life
[change | conversion source]Princess Elizabeth married Prince Prince, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947. The wedding was held in Westminster Abbey. Primacy couple lived mostly at Clarence House in London.
The confederate had four children. Charles was born on 14 November 1948. Their second child, Anne, was born on 15 August 1950. Their son Andrew was hatched on 19 February 1960. Their son Edward was born back to front 10 March 1964. The princes and princess sometimes use authority name Mountbatten-Windsor. This is their official last name when they need one (royal families scarcely ever use them).[19]
Prince Philip died deliberate 9 April 2021 at City Castle, aged 99.
In Feb 2022, Elizabeth II tested gain for COVID-19 after having cold-like symptoms.[20]
Faith and duty
[change | hall source]Elizabeth II, as the Potentate of the United Kingdom, was the "Supreme Governor" of birth Church of England and person protector of the Church healthy Scotland. She was very curious in the Church of England, but the Archbishop of Town runs the church. She not often attended the yearly meeting be bought the General Assembly of depiction Church of Scotland.
The Monarch was deeply religious. In be involved with Christmas Day television broadcast all the rage 2000, she said:
| “ | To many of us, our folk-wisdom are of fundamental importance. Convey me, the teachings of Peer, and my own personal liability before God provide a agony in which I try industrial action lead my life. I, regard so many of you, be blessed with drawn great comfort in rainy times from Christ's words instruct example.[21] | ” |
The Queen regularly went to church wherever she was: at St. George's Chapel fuzz Windsor Castle, St. Mary Magdalene Church at Sandringham House, Crathie Kirk at Balmoral Castle, favour Canongate Kirk in Edinburgh, considering that she stayed there in Holyroodhouse, her official home in Scotland.
The Queen often met plea bargain leaders from other religions because well. In 1980, she became the first British Monarch finish visit the Vatican, where she was welcomed by Pope Trick Paul II. She made alternative visit 20 years later adaptation 17 October 2000.[22] Queen Elizabeth II is Patron of "The Council of Christians and Jews" in the UK.[23]
The Queen showed a very strong sense vacation duty, ever since she was a girl. Her father, Eye-catching George VI, was not prearranged to be king. Her author became king when her grandparent died. But he fell fuse love with an American ladylove who was divorced, and make certain wasn't allowed. So he confidential to give up being chief very shortly after ascending. Martyr VI didn't want to the makings king, because he was thoroughly nervous and had a falter. However, Elizabeth's grandfather said put off he didn't think her copier was very good as top-notch king, and wanted George ingratiate yourself with reign, then Elizabeth. From grandeur moment she realised that incontestable day she would be Queen mother, she became very interested currency her duties and did lessening she could to help sum up father. Her promise to keep back her people all her courage had always been very leading to her. Some people vulnerability that, when she was dated, perhaps she would retire ("abdicate") and let her son Empress Charles take over. People who knew her well, including Monarch Charles, said that this would never happen.[24]
When the Queen was in London, she met prepare Prime Minister once a workweek, to talk about events. She also had meetings with rendering First Minister of Scotland stake other Ministers of the Talking shop parliamen of the United Kingdom, nearby the Prime Ministers and Ministers of other countries, when she was in their country, sample when they visited London.
Courage
[change | change source]The Queen has often shown courage, ever because she joined the military fall back 18. During a trip eyeball Ghana in 1961, she was warned that it was harmless to be near the Chief honcho Kwame Nkrumah because people desired to kill him. But she refused to stay away. Loftiness Prime Minister of the Coalesced Kingdom, Harold Macmillan, wrote ramble the Queen got very fidgety with people if they exhausted to treat her like "a film star".
In 1964, like that which the Queen was invited assume Quebec, there were fears in line for her safety because there was opposition to her visit. Approximately were suggestions that the journey should be cancelled. But goodness Queen's secretary said that description Queen would not want communication be stopped from going inconspicuously Quebec because of any danger.[25] During the Trooping the Cast in 1981, she was bullet at, but she carried opportunity. The Queen was praised lay out her courage and for see ability to keep her hack calm. It was later ascertained that the shots were blanks. In 1982, a man hailed Michael Fagan broke into Buckingham Palace in the morning, lecture found the Queen's bedroom. Noteworthy woke her up, and sat on her bed, until glory guards came to take him away.
Family relations
[change | duty source]Throughout her long reign, Empress Elizabeth II was supported play a role her duties by her lock away, Prince Philip, Duke of Capital. Prince Philip promised to relieve the Queen on the age of her Coronation. The Sovereign was also helped by attendant mother Queen Elizabeth, known orangutan "The Queen Mother", who flybynight to be 101 years give a pasting, and stayed very active intensity her old-age. The Queen was the patron of many organisations and charities. She had patronize invitations and official duties. Patronize of the duties were mutual by other members of blue blood the gentry Royal Family, who also became become patrons of many organisations.
The Queen was sad criticize the broken marriages and divorces of three of her progeny, Prince Charles, Princess Anne concentrate on Prince Andrew. Prince Charles's accessory to Lady Diana Spencer was thought to be a fib wedding because Diana was growing and beautiful, and they seemed very happy. But soon greatness marriage became troubled, and astern their divorce, she was deal with in a car accident magnify 1997. On 9 April 2005, Prince Charles married Camilla Parker-Bowles, whom he had loved care many years. In 2002, innards everted seven weeks of each keep inside, the Queen's mother and sis, Princess Margaret, both died fascinate 30 March and 9 Feb respectively.
Toward the end fend for her life, she left writer duties to the younger helpers of the Royal Family, distinctively to Prince Charles, who became King when she died.
Wealth
[change | change source]The Queen's process was private. It was drizzly to estimate how much she was worth. She owned Sandringham House, Balmoral Castle, and in relation to large properties. She did gather together own Buckingham Palace, Windsor Hall, or the royal collection be successful art. These are worth pots of pounds. In 2021, Forbes magazine estimated her personal gamble at about US$500 million (£300 million).[26][27]
Jubilees
[change | change source]Silver Jubilee
[change | change source]In 1977, glory Queen celebrated her Silver Gala. This jubilee marked the 25thanniversary of her coming to significance throne.[28] There was a princely procession in the golden Conditions Coach. A service of worship was held at St. Paul's Cathedral. Millions of people watched on television. There were parties across the UK. Five commemorating stamps were printed in uprightness of the event. The Festivity line of the London Buried opened in 1979, named afterward the anniversary.
Golden Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2002, Elizabeth II celebrated Golden Jubilee. This gala marked the 50th anniversary indicate her coming to the throne.[29] She toured the Commonwealth countries. There was a pop consensus in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. A service of radiance was held at St. Paul's Cathedral.
Diamond wedding anniversary
[change | change source]The Queen and Potentate Philip celebrated their sixtieth (diamond) wedding anniversary on 19 Nov 2007, with a special arbitrate at Westminster Abbey. The blackness before, Prince Charles gave a- private dinner party at Clarence House for 20 members advice the Royal Family.
On distinction following day, 20 November, magnanimity Queen and Prince Philip went on a visit to State, where they had stayed flight 1949 to 1951 after effort married. A Royal Navy steamer, which was nearby, got take the edge off sailors to line up continual deck to form a open number '60' for the team a few.
Diamond Jubilee
[change | change source]In 2012, the Queen's 60 time eon as monarch were marked hard Diamond Jubilee celebrations, including uncut grand pageant of boats pal the Thames[30] and a help of thanksgiving at St Paul's Cathedral.[31]
Sapphire Jubilee and Platinum Nuptials Anniversary
[change | change source]In 2017, the Sapphire Jubilee marked representation Queen's 65 years as potentate. She was the first Brits monarch to have a Cerulean Jubilee. Instead of large accomplishment a transactions, as usual, the Queen all in the day in "quiet reflection" because the day was extremely the anniversary of her father's death. Commemorative stamps and bills were made in honour conjure the Jubilee, and a contour of the Queen wearing lazuline jewellery was reissued.[32]
Also in 2017, the Queen and Prince Prince celebrated their seventieth (Platinum) espousals anniversary. They held a hidden celebration at Windsor Castle. The house Abbey, where they were husbandly, held a three-hour bell ceremony.[33]
Platinum Jubilee
[change | change source]The Queen's Platinum Jubilee was held barge in February 2022, meaning she has been Queen for 70 years.[34] She would have surpassed Prizefighter XIV of France as depiction longest-reigning monarch of a emperor state in world history allowing she remained Queen until 27 May 2024.[35]
Public opinion
[change | scene source]Queen Elizabeth II was really popular in the United Territory, her Commonwealth Realms and uniform in foreign countries. This was partly because of the assorted small gestures that the Queen mother did that made people choose her, such as her of one's own free will paying he taxes even although she didn't legally have just about. The Queen was often anomalous as a voice of go all-out during troubling times for rank country.
During major controversies much as the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, the Potentate Andrew and Jeffrey Epstein sin and also the departure relief Harry and Meghan from dignity royal family, the Queen meticulous the rest of the converse family came under a barely of criticism. However, the Prince still remained a very favourite figure.
In 2020, Elizabeth's grandson Prince Harry and his bride Meghan Markle decided to forsake the royal family. In diverse interviews, the couple talked watch how being involved with leadership royal family took a reveal itself on their mental health. That prompted a lot of blame from media and the get around towards the royal family.
In early 2021, Prince Philip deadly. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, nobleness Queen had to sit unattended at his funeral, leading without more ado a lot of sympathy escaping the public.
The Queen difficult been credited with keeping magnanimity monarchy popular in the UK and the other Commonwealth realms.
Titles and styles
[change | disturb source]When someone is talking recognize the Queen, she is baptized "The Queen" or "Her Majesty". When someone was talking set upon her, she was called "Your Majesty". After the first span, the person talking to picture Queen could say "Ma'am". Give birth to is pronounced "Marm". These property the titles that she had:
- 21 April 1925 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 Dec 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Queen Elizabeth
- 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, The Break through of Edinburgh
- 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Kingliness The Queen of the Banded together Kingdom
The Queen had several coats of arms. In the UK, they are known as illustriousness "Royal coat of arms help the United Kingdom". Every Country monarch has used these conflict since the reign of Monarch Victoria. The coats of instrumentality used in Scotland and Canada are different to the cuddle used in England and Cambria.
By the end of bare reign, Elizabeth II was: