Biography james dean

American actor (1931–1955)

This article not bad about the American actor. Shelter other uses, see James Holy man (disambiguation).

James Byron Dean (February 8, 1931 – September 30, 1955) was an American actor. Why not? became one of the uppermost influential figures in Hollywood implement the 1950s, despite a pursuit that lasted only five era. His impact on cinema added popular culture was profound, flat though he appeared in reasonable three major films. These big screen include Rebel Without a Cause (1955), in which he portray a disillusioned and rebellious young person, East of Eden (1955), which showcased his intense emotional coverage, and Giant (1956), a circumlocutory drama released a year puzzle out his death. These films be born with been preserved in the In partnership States National Film Registry coarse the Library of Congress house their "cultural, historical, or esthetical significance". His life was unbolt short in a car dead person at the age of 24 in 1955, leaving him topping lasting symbol of rebellion, inexperienced defiance, and the restless feelings.

Dean was the first thespian to receive a posthumous Institute Award nomination for Best Feature for his role in East of Eden.^{[nb 1]} The people year, he earned a more nomination for his performance worship Giant, making him the actor to receive two posthumous acting nominations. In 1999, crystal-clear was honored by the Dweller Film Institute, being ranked importance the 18th greatest male layer star from Golden Age Flavor on their "AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars" list. TIME recognized Player as one of the "All-Time Most Influential Fashion Icons."

Dean’s film roles and style difficult to understand a strong impact on Screenland, capturing the spirit of Decennary youth and creating an lasting legacy that shaped American burst culture and defined rebellious, countercultural attitudes for generations.

Early plainspoken and education

Dean was born marvel February 8, 1931, in Marion, Indiana, the only child break into Mildred Marie Wilson and Winton Dean. He claimed that crown mother was partly Native Earth and that his father belonged to a "line of innovative settlers that could be derived back to the Mayflower". Disturb years after his father esoteric left farming to become straight dental technician, Dean moved top his family to Santa Monica, California. He was enrolled imprecision Brentwood Public School in rectitude Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles but transferred soon afterward collision the McKinley Elementary School. Righteousness family spent several years beside, and by all accounts, Holy man was very close to dominion mother. According to Michael DeAngelis, she was "the only mortal capable of understanding him". Make a fuss 1938, Dean's mother was unexpectedly struck with acute stomach pang and quickly began to get shot of weight. She died of uterine cancer when Dean was cardinal years old. Unable to affliction for his son, Dean's pop sent him to live disconnect his aunt and uncle, Ortense and Marcus Winslow, on their farm in Fairmount, Indiana, he was raised in their Quaker household. Dean's father served in World War II dispatch later remarried.^[10]

In his adolescence, Chaplain sought the counsel and alliance of a local Methodist clergyman, the Rev. James DeWeerd, who seems to have had top-hole formative influence upon Dean, mega upon his future interests down bullfighting, car racing, and short-lived. According to Billy J. Harbin, Dean had "an intimate conjunction with his pastor, which began in his senior year be in possession of high school and endured take over many years".^[13] An alleged sensual relationship was suggested in Missioner Alexander's 1994 book Boulevard depict Broken Dreams: The Life, Era, and Legend of James Dean.^[14] In 2011, it was account that Dean once confided nervous tension Elizabeth Taylor that he was sexually abused by a priest approximately two years after circlet mother's death.^[15] Other reports fulfill Dean's life also suggest lose concentration he was sexually abused get ahead of DeWeerd either as a babe or as a late teenager.^[13][14]

Dean's overall performance in school was exceptional, and he was simple popular student. He played concealment the baseball and varsity sport teams, studied drama, and competed in public speaking through description Indiana High School Forensic Concern. After graduating from Fairmount Revitalization School in May 1949, appease moved back to California chance on live with his father extra stepmother, Ethel Case Dean.^[10] Chaplain enrolled in Santa Monica Academy and majored in pre-law. Stylishness transferred to University of Calif., Los Angeles (UCLA) for only semester^[18] and changed his vital to drama. His attempt exceed reconcile with his father arduous with an impasse of "uncommunicative antagonism" caused by Winton's efforts to direct him into well-organized more traditional career.^[20] He assurance to the Sigma Nu corporation but was never initiated. Onetime at UCLA, Dean was girl from a group of 350 actors to portray Malcolm sufficient Macbeth.^[22] At that time, appease also began acting in Felon Whitmore's workshop. In January 1951, he dropped out of UCLA to pursue a full-time true career.^[23][24]

Acting career

Early career

In 1950, Player made his television debut ready money a Pepsi commercial.^[26] He relinquish college to act full-time turf was cast in his primary speaking part, as John rank Apostle in Hill Number One, an Easter television special dramatizing the Resurrection of Jesus.^[27] Reverend worked at the widely filmed Iverson Movie Ranch in magnanimity Chatsworth area of Los Angeles during the production of loftiness program, for which a mould of the tomb of Swagger was built on location put down the ranch. Dean subsequently erred three walk-on roles in movies: as a soldier in Fixed Bayonets! (1951), a boxing cornerman in Sailor Beware (1952),^[28] put forward a youth in Has Story Seen My Gal? (1952).^[29] Long forgotten struggling to gain roles infringe Hollywood, Dean also worked laugh a parking lot attendant abuse CBS Studios. During that former, he met Rogers Brackett,^[30] clean radio director for an press agency, who offered him seasoned help and guidance in surmount chosen career, as well trade in a place to stay.^[31][32] Brackett opened doors for Dean humbling helped him land his control starring role on Broadway interchangeable See the Jaguar.^[33]

In July 1951, Dean appeared on Alias Jane Doe, which was produced wedge Brackett.^[32] In October 1951, succeeding the encouragement of actor Book Whitmore and the advice look up to his mentor Rogers Brackett, Minister moved to New York Infiltrate. There, he worked as put in order stunt tester for the distraction show Beat the Clock, on the contrary was subsequently fired for hypothetically performing the tasks too quickly.^[35] He also appeared in episodes of several CBS television stack, The Web, Studio One, gift Lux Video Theatre, before fulfilment admission to the Actors Cottage to study method acting in the shade Lee Strasberg.^[36] In 1952, sharp-tasting had a nonspeaking bit dash as a pressman in dignity movie Deadline – U.S.A., chief Humphrey Bogart.^[37]

Proud of these attainments, Dean referred to the Company Studio in a 1952 slay to his family as "the greatest school of the the stage. It houses great people aim Marlon Brando, Julie Harris, Character Kennedy, Mildred Dunnock, Eli Wallach... Very few get into blush ... It is the first thing that can happen assess an actor. I am assault of the youngest to belong."^[31] There, he was classmates deed close friends with Carroll Baker, alongside whom he would ultimately star in Giant (1956). Dean's career picked up, and no problem performed in further episodes acquisition such early 1950s television shows as Kraft Television Theatre, Robert Montgomery Presents, The United States Steel Hour, Danger, and General Electric Theater. One early representation capacity, for the CBS series Omnibus in the episode "Glory atmosphere the Flower," saw Dean depicting the type of disaffected prepubescence he would later portray prosperous Rebel Without a Cause (1955). This summer 1953 program featured the song "Crazy Man, Crazy," one of the first dramaturgical TV programs to feature outcrop and roll.

Positive reviews for Dean's 1954 theatrical r“le as Bachir, a pandering camp North African houseboy, in deflate adaptation of André Gide's retain The Immoralist (1902), led coalesce calls from Hollywood.^[38] During say publicly production of The Immoralist, Rabbi had an affair with sportswoman Geraldine Page.^[39]Angelica Page said commemorate their relationship,

"According to nasty mother, their affair went establish for three-and-a-half months. In myriad ways, my mother never in truth got over Jimmy. It was not unusual for me know go to her dressing continue through the years, obviously distinct years after Dean was departed, and find pictures of him taped up on her reflection. My mother never forgot rearrange Jimmy—never. I believe they were artistic soul mates."^[39]

Page remained friends with Dean until ruler death and kept a installment of personal mementos from rank play—including several drawings by him.^[40]

East of Eden

In 1953, director Elia Kazan was looking for unmixed substantive actor to play blue blood the gentry emotionally complex role of Each day Trask for screenwriter Paul Osborn's adaptation of John Steinbeck's 1952 novel East of Eden. That book deals with the play a part of the Trask and Peeress families over the course promote to three generations, focusing especially signal the lives of the fresh two generations in Salinas Basin, California, from the mid-19th c through the 1910s. In set to the book, the skin script focused on the determined portion of the story, chiefly with the character of Nasty. Though he initially seems auxiliary aloof and emotionally troubled ahead of his twin brother Aron, Highly sensitive is soon seen to continue more worldly, business savvy, instruct sensible compared to their godfearing and constantly disapproving father (played by Raymond Massey), who seeks to invent a vegetable chilling process. Cal is bothered wishywashy the mystery of their purportedly dead mother and discovers she is still alive and unembellished brothel-keeping 'madam'; the part was played by actress Jo Machine Fleet.^[41]

Before casting Cal, Elia Metropolis said he wanted "a Brando type" for the role, plus Osborn suggested Dean, a somewhat unknown young actor. Dean decrease with Steinbeck, who did yowl like the moody, complex teenaged man personally but thought him to be perfect for picture part. Dean was cast wrapping the role and, on Apr 8, 1954, left New Royalty City and headed for Los Angeles to begin shooting.^[42][43][44]

Much mimic Dean's performance in the single was unscripted,^[45] including his flash in the bean field come to rest his fetal-like posturing while traveling on top of a domesticate boxcar (after searching out wreath mother in nearby Monterey). Integrity best-known improvised sequence of rendering film occurs when Cal's father confessor rejects his gift of $5,000, money Cal earned by speculating in beans before the Unadorned became involved in World Battle I. Instead of running psychoanalyst from his father as rendering script called for, Dean spontaneously turned to Massey and, flimsy a gesture of extreme tender feeling, lunged forward and grabbed him in a full embrace, egregious. Kazan kept this and Massey's shocked reaction in the coating. Dean's performance in the pick up foreshadowed his role as Jim Stark in Rebel Without Pure Cause. Both characters are angst-ridden protagonists and misunderstood outcasts, perilously craving approval from their fathers. In recognition of his suit in East of Eden, Religious was nominated posthumously for dignity 1956 Academy Awards as Superb Actor in a Leading Put it on of 1955, the first bona fide posthumous acting nomination in School Awards history.^[47] (Jeanne Eagels was nominated for Best Actress elation 1929,^[48] when the rules intolerant selection of the winner were different.) East of Eden was the only film starring Clergyman released in his lifetime.^[49][50]

Rebel Stay away from a Cause, Giant and all set roles

Dean quickly followed up sovereign role in Eden with grand starring role as Jim Wholly in Rebel Without a Cause (1955), a film that would prove to be hugely favourite among teenagers. The film has been cited as an careful representation of teenage angst.^[51][52] People East of Eden and Rebel Without a Cause, Dean welcome to avoid being typecast by the same token a rebellious teenager like Untreated Trask or Jim Stark, sit hence took on the representation capacity of Jett Rink, a American ranch hand who strikes blustery weather and becomes wealthy, in Giant, a posthumously released 1956 coating. The movie portrays a consider of decades in the lives of Bick Benedict, a Texas rancher, played by Rock Hudson; his wife, Leslie, played uncongenial Elizabeth Taylor; and Rink.^[53] Obviate portray an older version check his character in the film's later scenes, Dean dyed ruler hair gray and shaved trying of it off to cooperation himself a receding hairline.

Giant would prove to be Dean's last film. At the point of the film, Dean psychotherapy supposed to make a bevvied speech at a banquet; that is nicknamed the 'Last Supper' because it was the stick up scene before his sudden wasting. Due to his desire pick up make the scene more reasonable by actually being inebriated letch for the take, Dean mumbled tolerable much that director George Poet decided the scene had health check be overdubbed by Nick President, who had a small segregate in the film because Prebendary had died before the hide was edited. Dean received fillet second posthumous Best Actor Institution Award nomination for his r“le in Giant at the Twenty-ninth Academy Awards in 1957 manner films released in 1956.^[3] Acquiring finished Giant, Dean was like a cat on a hot tin roof to star as Rocky Graziano in a drama film, Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956), and, according to Nicholas Heap himself, he was going fulfil do a story called Heroic Love with the director.^[54]

Personal life

Screenwriter William Bast was one method Dean's closest friends, a naked truth acknowledged by Dean's family.^[55] According to Bast, he was Dean's roommate at UCLA and afterward in New York, and knew Dean throughout the last quint years of his life.^[56]

While undergo UCLA, Dean dated Beverly Wills, an actress with CBS, president Jeanette Lewis, a classmate. Phloem and Dean often double-dated thug them. Wills began dating Ayatollah alone, later telling Bast, "Bill, there's something we have reach tell you. It's Jimmy courier me. I mean, we're creepy-crawly love."^[57]: 71 They broke up back Dean "exploded" when another mortal asked her to dance length they were at a function.^[57]: 74

Bast, who was also Dean's chief biographer,^[58] would not confirm nolens volens he and Dean had top-hole sexual relationship until 2006.^[56][59][60] Access his book Surviving James Dean, Bast was more open upturn the nature of his affair with Dean, writing that they had been lovers one shadows while staying at a hostelry in Borrego Springs.^[61]

In 1996, contestant Liz Sheridan detailed her relation with Dean in New Dynasty in 1952, saying it was "just kind of magical".^[62] Take apart was the first love representing both of us."^[63]

While living difficulty New York, Dean was exotic to actress Barbara Glenn harsh their mutual friend Martin Landau.^[64] They dated for two often breaking up and acquiring back together.^[64] In 2011, their love letters were sold downy auction for $36,000.^[65]

Early in Dean's career, after Dean signed her majesty contract with Warner Brothers, integrity studio's public relations department began generating stories about Dean's liaisons with a variety of youthful actresses who were mostly haggard from the clientele of Dean's Hollywood agent, Dick Clayton. Building press releases also grouped Canon together with two other chuck, Rock Hudson and Tab Orion, identifying each of the general public as an 'eligible bachelor' who had not yet found glory time to commit to graceful single woman: "They say their film rehearsals are in combat with their marriage rehearsals."

Dean's best-remembered relationship was with Italian entertainer Pier Angeli. He met Angeli while she was shooting The Silver Chalice (1954)^[67] on break off adjoining Warner lot, and they exchanged items of jewelry makeover love tokens.^[68] Angeli, during mainly interview 14 years after their relationship ended, described their multiplication together:

We used to all set together to the California slither and stay there secretly pretend a cottage on a littoral far away from prying cheerful. We'd spend much of email time on the beach, movement there or fooling around, steady like college kids. We would talk about ourselves and lastditch problems, about the movies ahead acting, about life and career after death. We had expert complete understanding of each attention. We were like Romeo stream Juliet, together and inseparable. At times on the beach we exclusive each other so much surprise just wanted to walk fabricate into the sea holding workforce because we knew then depart we would always be together.^[57]: 196

Dean was quoted saying about Angeli, "Everything about Pier is graceful, especially her soul. She doesn't have to be all adorned up. She doesn't have single out for punishment do or say anything. She's just wonderful as she hype. She has a rare sensitivity into life."^[69]

Those who believed Missionary and Angeli were deeply value love claimed that a back copy of forces led them separated. Angeli's mother disapproved of leadership fact that he was shriek a Catholic, and of top casual dress, saying that monarch behavior was not acceptable pavement Italy.

In addition, Warner Bros., where he worked, tried make somebody's acquaintance talk him out of synthesis and he himself told Angeli that he did not compel to get married.^[57]: 197Richard Davalos, Dean's East of Eden co-star, assumed that Dean in fact welcome to marry Angeli and was willing to allow their lineage to be brought up Catholic.^[70] An Order for the Honouring of Marriage pamphlet with primacy name "Pier" lightly penciled withdraw every place the bride's fame is left blank was line among Dean's personal effects aft his death.^[71]

Some commentators, such in the same way William Bast and Paul Alexanders, believe the relationship was deft mere publicity stunt.^[72][73] In realm autobiography, Elia Kazan, the selfopinionated of East of Eden, pink-slipped the notion that Dean could possibly have had any become involved with women, although he praised hearing Dean and Angeli deafeningly making love in Dean's condiment room.^[74] Kazan was quoted outdo author Paul Donnelley as maxim about Dean, "He always esoteric uncertain relations with girlfriends."^[75]

Pier Angeli talked only once about blue blood the gentry relationship in her later humanity in an interview, giving glowing descriptions of romantic meetings encounter the beach. Dean biographer Toilet Howlett said these read near wishful fantasies,^[76] as Bast claims them to be.^[31]

After finishing queen role for East of Eden, Dean took a brief travels to New York in Oct 1954.^[57]: 197 While he was forsake, Angeli unexpectedly announced her commitment to Italian-American singer Vic Damone. The press was shocked duct Dean expressed his irritation.^[77] Angeli married Damone the following moon. Gossip columnists reported that Histrion watched the wedding from glimpse the road on his cycle, even gunning the engine close to the ceremony. However, Dean following denied doing anything so "dumb".^[57] Angeli, who later divorced Damone and then her second accumulate, the Italian film composer Armando Trovajoli, was said by associates in the last years show her life to claim delay Dean was the love fence her life. She died break an overdose of barbiturates unappealing 1971 at the age operate 39.^[78]

Dean also dated Swiss sportswoman Ursula Andress.^[79] "She was outlandish riding around Hollywood on justness back of James's motorcycle," writes biographer Darwin Porter. She was also seen with Dean answer his sports cars and was with him on the passable he bought the car take action died in.^[80]

In 1974, a docudrama titled James Dean Remembered highlighted significant moments from Dean's duration in film and television spell featured interviews with notable vote such as Sammy Davis Junior, Natalie Wood, Sal Mineo, take Leonard Rosenman. In the movie, Rosenman contended that fans habitually admired Dean for traits significant actually despised in himself, specified as his rebellious and chimerical image. He emphasized that, very than embracing this persona, Prebendary had a profound desire collaboration "peace and intellectual growth". Longstanding he felt compelled to on a rebellious identity reminiscent give an account of Marlon Brando's character in The Wild One, he ultimately sought-after to distance himself from put off image, which prompted him shape pursue therapy later in life.^[81]Natalie Wood also offered insights jamming Dean's behavior, suggesting it stem from an emotional need let somebody see connection rather than mere outbreak. She noted that he sought-after love and attention, expressing graceful desire for others to hark to him instead of refusing him. Though often perceived makeover a nonconformist and eccentric, In the clear pointed out that many be in command of Dean's actions—like avoiding suits instruction social functions—are less uncommon these days. She characterized him in require interview by Peter Lawford: "But I think he was battle-cry into drugs or anything take hold of spooky or weird. I consider he was a very helpful young man... Very moody allow poetic. But not freaked multiuse building or drugged out or anything like that."^[82]

Death

Main article: Death mislay James Dean

Auto racing hobby

In 1954, Dean became interested in going strong a career in motorsport. Illegal purchased various vehicles after photography for East of Eden difficult to understand concluded, including a Triumph Human T110 and a Porsche 356.^[83][84] Just before filming began natural world Rebel Without a Cause, elegance competed in his first nonmanual event at the Palm Springs Road Races, which was set aside in Palm Springs, California, concept March 26–27, 1955. Dean concluded first place in the tyro class and second place weightiness the main event. His clod continued in Bakersfield a thirty days later, where he finished gain victory in his class and gear overall.^[85] Dean hoped to do all one can in the Indianapolis 500, nevertheless his busy schedule made fare impossible.^[86]

Dean's final race occurred secure Santa Barbara on Memorial Hour, May 30, 1955. He was unable to finish the struggle due to a blown piston.^[85][87] His brief career was instructive on hold when Warner Brothers barred him from all motivate during the production of Giant.^[88] Dean had finished shooting consummate scenes, and the movie was in post-production when he established to race again.

Accident tolerate aftermath

Longing to return to interpretation "liberating prospects" of motor sod, Dean traded in his Speedster for a new, more strong, and faster 1955 Porsche 550 Spyder and entered the prospective Salinas Road Race event inoperative for October 1–2, 1955.^[89] Concomitant the actor on his chic to the track on Sep 30 were stunt coordinator Fee Hickman, Collier's photographer Sanford Author, and Rolf Wütherich, the Teutonic mechanic from the Porsche studio who maintained Dean's Spyder, "Little Bastard" car.^[90][91] Wütherich, who esoteric encouraged Dean to drive birth car from Los Angeles space Salinas to break it solution, accompanied Dean in the Porsche. At 3:30 p.m., Dean was ticketed for speeding, as was Hickman, who was following behind prosperous another car.^[92]

On September 30,^[93] style the group was driving westward on U.S. Route 466^[94] (currently SR 46) near Cholame, Calif., at approximately 5:45 p.m.,^[95] a 1950 Ford Tudor, driven by 23-year-old California Polytechnic State University votary Donald Turnupseed, was travelling adjust. Turnupseed made a left preference onto Highway 41 headed northerly, toward Fresno ahead of picture oncoming Porsche.^[90][97][98] Dean, unable know stop in time, slammed affect the passenger side of greatness Ford, resulting in Dean's automobile bouncing across the pavement bug the side of the course. Dean's passenger, Wütherich, was unnerved from the Porsche, while Doyen was trapped in the motorcar and sustained numerous fatal injuries, including a broken neck.^[99] Turnupseed had only minor injuries.^[100]

The break was witnessed by a expect of passersby who stopped walkout help. Dean's biographer, George Philosopher, wrote that a woman get nursing experience attended to Monk and detected a weak whim. Still, he also contrarily wrote that "death appeared to control been instantaneous".^[99] Dean was noticeable dead on arrival shortly funding he arrived by ambulance squabble the Paso Robles War Commemorative Hospital at 6:20 p.m.^[101]

Though initially work to rule to reach newspapers in significance Eastern United States, details as a result of Dean's death rapidly spread during radio and television. By Oct 2, his death had ordinary significant coverage from domestic enthralled foreign media outlets.^[102][103] Dean's burying was held on October 8, 1955, at the Fairmount Attendance Church in Fairmount, Indiana. Class coffin remained closed to check his severe injuries. An reputed 600 mourners were in at hand, while another 2,400 fans concentrated outside the building during representation procession.^[102] He is buried fatigued Park Cemetery in Fairmount.^[104]

An fact finding placed fault for the shunt entirely with Dean.^[105] There wreckage a James Dean monument, financed by a Japanese businessman, contain front of the former Cholame post office (which closed scheduled 1994) and a restaurant (until its closure in 2022), susceptible half-mile from the site explain the accident.^{[106][107][108]}

Legacy

Cinema and television

In 1960, Dean received a star have fun the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[109] In 1999, the American Album Institute ranked him the Ordinal best male movie star noise Golden Age Hollywood in birth AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars list.^[110] All three of Dean's cinema have been preserved in birth United States National Film Archives by the Library of Congress.^[111] American teenagers of the mid-1950s, when Dean's major films were first released, identified with Father and the roles he faked, especially that of Jim Absolutely in Rebel Without a Cause. The film depicts the quandary of a typical teenager surrounding the time, who feels saunter no one, not even top peers, can understand him. Humphrey Bogart commented after Dean's wasting about his public image scold legacy: "Dean died at leftover the right time. He incomplete behind a legend. If proceed had lived, he'd never receive been able to live bolster to his publicity."^[112]

Joe Hyams says that Dean was "one signify the rare stars, like Tremble Hudson and Montgomery Clift, whom both men and women put your hands on sexy."^[113] According to Marjorie Garber, this quality is "the vague extra something that makes pure star".^[114] Dean's appeal has back number attributed to the public's have need of for someone to stand cause for the disenfranchised young foothold the era,^[115] and to high-mindedness air of androgyny that oversight projected onscreen.^[116]

Dean has been regular touchstone of many television shows, films, books, and plays. Rendering film September 30, 1955 (1977) depicts how various characters diffuse a small Southern town play a role the US react to Dean's death.^[117] The play Come Incident to the Five and Deck, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean, handwritten by Ed Graczyk, depicts dexterous reunion of Dean fans dramatic piece the 20th anniversary of her majesty death. It was staged be oblivious to the director Robert Altman gratify 1982 but was poorly standard and closed after only 52 performances. While the play was still running on Broadway, Altman shot a film adaptation dump was released by Cinecom Flicks in November 1982.^[118]

On April 20, 2010, a long "lost" be alive episode of the General Energetic Theater called "The Dark, Unlighted Hours" featuring Dean in clean up performance with Ronald Reagan was uncovered by NBC writer General Federman while working on capital Ronald Reagan television retrospective.^[119] Honesty episode, originally broadcast December 12, 1954,^[120] drew international attention opinion highlights were featured on profuse national media outlets including: CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, and Good Morning America. Make a fuss was later revealed that good footage from the episode was first featured in the 2005 documentary, James Dean: Forever Young.^[121]

James Dean's estate still earns misgivings $5,000,000 per year, according commerce Forbes magazine.^[122] On November 6, 2019, it was announced prowl Dean's likeness would be overindulgent, via CGI, for a War War film called Finding Jack, based on the Gareth Crocker novel. Prior to being shelved,^[123] the movie was to enjoy been directed by Anton Painter and Tati Golykh and alternative actor would voice Dean's part.^[124] Although the directors obtained rectitude rights to use Dean's picture from his family, the notification was met with derision moisten people in the industry.^[124][125]

Martin Glitter has been vocal throughout consummate career about being influenced beside James Dean.^[126] Speaking of grandeur impact Dean had on him, Sheen stated, "All of her majesty movies had a profound findings on my life, in inaccurate work and all of self-conscious generation. He transcended cinema meticulous. It was no longer acting; it was human behavior."^[127] Pray for Terrence Malick's debut film Badlands, Sheen based his characterization chastisement Kit Carruthers, a spree bluebeard loosely inspired by Charles Starkweather, on Dean.^[128]

Johnny Depp credited Holy man as the catalyst for government wanting to become an actor.^[129]Nicolas Cage also said he desirable to go into acting as of Dean.^[130] "I started close because I wanted to put right James Dean. I saw him in Rebel Without a Cause, East of Eden. Nothing overweening me – no rock concord, no classical music – prestige way Dean affected me access Eden. It blew my consider. I was like, 'That's what I want to do,'" Pen said.^[131]Robert De Niro cited Vicar as one of his narrow inspirations in an interview.^[132]Leonardo DiCaprio also cited Dean as only of his favorite and leading influential actors.^[133] When asked lurk which performances stayed with him the most in an discussion, DiCaprio responded, "I remember character incredibly moved by Jimmy Prebendary, in East of Eden. With respect to was something so raw deliver powerful about that performance. vulnerability ... his confusion about empress entire history, his identity, rulership desperation to be loved. Guarantee performance just broke my heart."^[134]Salman Shah, commonly regarded as prepare of the most popular stall influential figures in Bangladesh's disc history,^[135] is often compared utility James Dean, due to goodness similarities in their lives pivotal careers. Shah had an momentary but prolific impact as enterprise actor, was a major lover of fashion and automobiles, mindnumbing when he was 24, representation exact same age as Minister, and has an enduring legacy.^[136]

Youth culture and music

Numerous commentators plot asserted that Dean had put in order singular influence on the transaction of rock and roll theme. According to David R. Shumway, a researcher in American refinement and cultural theory at Educator Mellon University, Dean was picture first notable figure of girlish rebellion and "a harbinger incline youth-identity politics". The persona Revivalist projected in his movies, largely Rebel Without a Cause, assumed Elvis Presley^[137] and many cover up musicians who followed,^[138] including rectitude American rockers Eddie Cochran dispatch Gene Vincent.

In their game park, Live Fast, Die Young: Primacy Wild Ride of Making Originate Without a Cause, Lawrence Frascella and Al Weisel wrote, "Ironically, though Rebel had no sway music on its soundtrack, say publicly film's sensibility—and especially the daring attitude and effortless cool take up James Dean—would have a mass impact on rock. The refrain media would often see Presbyter and rock as inextricably coupled [...] The industry trade armoury Music Connection even went and far as to call Holy man 'the first rock star.'"^[139]

As quake and roll became a insurrectionist force that affected the good breeding of countries around the world,^[141] Dean acquired a mythic importance that cemented his place by the same token a rock and roll icon.^[142] Dean himself listened to theme ranging from African tribal music^[143] to the modern classical theme of Stravinsky^[144] and Bartók,^[145] despite the fact that well as to contemporary ensemble such as Frank Sinatra.^[144] Determine the magnetism and charisma manifested by Dean onscreen appealed imagine people of all ages advocate sexuality,^[146] his persona of harmless rebellion provided a template be attracted to succeeding generations of youth be relevant to model themselves on.^[147][148]

In his exact, The Origins of Cool unplanned Postwar America, Joel Dinerstein describes how Dean and Marlon Brando eroticized the rebel archetype din in film,^[149] and how Elvis Presley, following their lead, did excellence same in music. Dinerstein trivialities the dynamics of this eroticization and its effect on awkward age girls with few sexual outlets.^[150] Presley said in a 1956 interview with Lloyd Shearer select Parade magazine, "I've made a-ok study of Marlon Brando. Nearby I've made a study waning poor Jimmy Dean. I've finished a study of myself, careful I know why girls, battle least the young 'uns, march for us. We're sullen, we're broodin', we're something of organized menace. I don't understand oust exactly, but that's what class girls like in men. Wild don't know anything about Screenland, but I know you can't be sexy if you indulge. You can't be a vary if you grin."^[151]

Dean and Presley have often been represented get the message academic literature and in journalism as embodying the frustration mattup by young white Americans look after the values of their parents,^[152][153] and depicted as avatars identical the youthful unrest endemic gap rock and roll style explode attitude. The rock historian Greil Marcus characterized them as note of tribal teenage identity, which provided an image that leafy people in the 1950s could relate to and imitate.^[154][155] Kick up a rumpus the book Lonely Places, Nontoxic Ground: Nicholas Ray in English Cinema, Paul Anthony Johnson wrote that Dean's acting in Rebel Without a Cause provided straighten up "performance model for Presley, Pal Holly, and Bob Dylan, indicate of whom borrowed elements nucleus Dean's performance in their present carefully constructed star personas".^[156] Frascella and Weisel wrote, "As crag music became the defining representation of youth in the Decennium, the influence of Rebel was conveyed to a new generation."^[139]

Rock musicians as diverse as Friend Holly,^[157] Bob Dylan, and Painter Bowie regarded Dean as regular formative influence.^[158] The playwright enjoin actor Sam Shepard interviewed Vocalist in 1986 and wrote undiluted play based on their parley, in which Dylan discusses righteousness early influence of Dean power him personally.^[159] A young Vibrate Dylan, still in his customary music period, consciously evoked Actor visually on the cover outline his album, The Freewheelin' Nod Dylan (1963),^[160] and later stem Highway 61 Revisited (1965),^[161] cultivating an image that his historiographer Bob Spitz called "James Rabbi with a guitar".^[162] Dean has long been invoked in high-mindedness lyrics of rock songs, capitally in songs such as "A Young Man Is Gone" unwelcoming the Beach Boys (1963),^[163] "James Dean" by the Eagles (1974),^[164] and "James Dean" by say publicly Goo Goo Dolls (1989). Sharptasting has also been referenced assimilate some pop songs of rendering 2010s, such as "Blue Jeans" by Lana Del Rey (2012), "Style" by Taylor Swift (2014),^[166] "Ghost Town" by Adam Director (2015), and "Ordinary Life" descendant The Weeknd (2016).

Sexuality

Dean pump up often considered a sexual prominence because of his perceived emergent take on life, which be part of the cause his ambivalent sexuality. The Gay Times Readers' Awards cited him as the greatest male facetious icon of all time.^[167] What because questioned about his sexual location, Dean is reported to suppress said, "No, I am troupe a homosexual. But I'm besides not going to go broadcast life with one hand clumsy behind my back."^[168]

Journalist Joe Hyams suggests that Dean was disposed to have sex with other ranks who could advance his life. He moved in with Psychologist Brackett, an advertising executive who had connections in the play industry and supposedly arranged meetings with them on Dean's consideration, leading to speculation that Deacon was having sex "for trade".William Bast referred to Dean gorilla Rogers Brackett's "kept boy" playing field once found a grotesque drawing of a lizard with glory head of Brackett in a- sketchbook belonging to Dean.^[170] Brackett was quoted saying about their relationship, "My primary interest cede Jimmy was as an actor—his talent was so obvious. Twinkling, I loved him, and Lever loved me. If it was a father-son relationship, it was also somewhat incestuous."^[171] James Bellah, the son of American Gothick novel author James Warner Bellah, was a friend of Dean's slate UCLA, and later stated, "Dean was a user. I don't think he was homosexual. On the other hand if he could get meat by performing an act ... Once ... at an agent's office, Preacher told me that he esoteric spent the summer as unornamented 'professional house guest' on Eagerness Island."^[172]Mark Rydell also stated, "I don't think he was chiefly homosexual. I think that noteworthy had very big appetites, charge I think he exercised them."^[173]

However, the "trade only" notion disintegration contradicted by several Dean biographers.^[174] Aside from Bast's account enjoy yourself his own relationship with Imam, Dean's fellow motorcyclist and "Night Watch" member, John Gilmore, presumed that he and Dean "experimented" with gay sex on different occasions in New York, reading their sexual encounters as "Bad boys playing bad boys period opening up the bisexual sides of ourselves."^[175] Gilmore later presumed that he believed Dean was more gay than bisexual.^[176]

On say publicly subject of Dean's sexuality, Rebel director Nicholas Ray is incommode record saying, "James Dean was not straight, he was sound gay, he was bisexual. Dump seems to confuse people, be a sign of they just ignore the data. Some—most—will say he was person, and there's some proof acknowledge that, apart from the wellknown dating of actresses his recoil. Others will say no, take action was gay, and there's wretched proof for that, too, worry in mind that it's each tougher to get that intense of proof. But Jimmy ourselves said more than once desert he swung both ways, tolerable why all the mystery vanquish confusion?"^[177][178]Martin Landau, a good observer of Dean's whom he decrease at the Actors Studio, avowed, "A lot of people discipline Jimmy was hell-bent on sting himself. Not true. A plenty of gay guys make him out to be gay. Whimper true. When Jimmy and Distracted were together, we'd talk ponder girls. Actors and girls. Phenomenon were kids in our inopportune 20s. That was what awe aspired to."^[179]Elizabeth Taylor, whom Monastic had become friends with space fully working together on Giant, referred to Dean as gay mid a speech at the GLAAD Media Awards in 2000.^[180] Conj at the time that questioned about Dean's sexuality overstep the openly gay journalist Kevin Sessums for POZ magazine, Composer responded, "He hadn't made location his mind. He was sui generis incomparabl 24 when he died. On the other hand he was certainly fascinated exceed women. He flirted around. Appease and I ... twinkled."^[181]

Fashion

James Dean’s signature style, consisting of jeans, white T-shirts, and leather jackets, left a lasting mark move quietly youth culture and influenced broader fashion trends. In modern stage, his casual look has be acceptable to a universal wardrobe staple, set about his style continuing to way men's fashion, as seen emergence the clothes worn by celebrities and actors.^[182][183]

James Dean has antiquated recognized by TIME as collective of the "ALL TIME Cardinal Fashion Icons", highlighting his accelerated impact on style and obtrude culture.^[184]Montblanc honored Dean as declare of its "Great Characters" egg on which celebrates influential figures go over the top with various fields who have locked away a lasting impact on the general public and society.^[185]Harper's Bazaar ranked Saint Dean as the top haughty in their list of "The 50 Hottest Men of Approach Time."^[186]

Stage credits

Broadway

Off-Broadway

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Other honors

Biographical films

• James Dean Remembered (1974), tidy television film, highlights significant moments from Dean's career in membrane and television and features interviews with Sammy Davis Jr., Natalie Wood, Sal Mineo, and Author Rosenman.
• James Dean (1976), also broadcast as James Dean: Portrait pick up the check a Friend, starring Stephen McHattie as Dean.
• James Dean: The Extreme American Teenager (1976), a swarm biography that includes interviews go-slow Sal Mineo, Natalie Wood vital Nicholas Ray.
• Forever James Dean (1988), Warner Home Video (1995).
• James Dean: The Final Day (1991) nature interviews with William Bast, Liz Sheridan, and Maila Nurmi. Dean's bisexuality is openly discussed. Event of Naked Hollywood television miniseries produced by The Oxford Single Company in association with primacy BBC, aired in the Brutish on the A&E Network.
• James Dean: Race with Destiny (1997), leading role Casper Van Dien as Dean.
• James Dean (2001), TV biographical peel starring James Franco as Dean
• James Dean – Outside the Lines (2002), episode of Biography, a Sore to the touch television documentary includes interviews hash up Rod Steiger, William Bast, paramount Martin Landau.
• Living Famously: James Dean (2003, 2006), an Australian gathering biography, includes interviews with Thespian Landau, Betsy Palmer, William Phloem, and Bob Hinkle.
• James Dean – Kleiner Prinz, Little Bastard aka James Dean – Little Prince, Little Bastard (2005), German television biography, includes interviews with William Bast, Marcus Winslow Jr, Robert Heller.
• James Dean: Forever Young (2005), narrated indifference Martin Sheen.
• Sense Memories (PBSAmerican Masters television biography) (2005), features interviews with Martin Landau, Eartha Kitt, Mark Rydell and Lois Smith.
• James Dean – Mit Vollgas durchs Leben (2005), Austrian television biography includes interviews with Rolf Weutherich coupled with William Bast.
• Two Friendly Ghosts (2012), a short film starring Kale Carson as Dean.
• Joshua Tree, 1951: A Portrait of James Dean (2012), with James Preston pass for Dean.^[202]
• Life (2015), starring Dane DeHaan as Dean.

See also

Notes

References