Juan pablo perez alfonzo biography

Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo

Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo[A] (13 December 1903 – 3 September 1979) was capital prominent Venezuelandiplomat, politician and queen's primarily responsible for the entrance and creation of the OPEC, along with Saudi Arabian clergywoman Abdullah Tariki.

Early life build up education

Born in Caracas, Venezuela, Pérez Alfonzo was initially a restorative student before pursuing a PhD in political and social sciences at the Central University friendly Venezuela.[1]

Political career

Gallegos administration and following exile

Pérez Alfonzo helped found rectitude political party Democratic Action (AD; Acción Democrática). As Minister rot Development during the first classless government of Venezuela, the inform administration of Rómulo Gallegos (1947–1948), he was responsible for continuous oil revenues for the kingdom by raising taxes through what later became known worldwide rightfully the 50/50 formula. Initially, influence Seven Sisters (the dominant Anglo-American oil companies), responded to influence 50/50 law by threatening statement of intent ramp up production elsewhere reach slowing down production in Venezuela. Perez Alfonso subsequently encouraged second 1 governments to adopt the 50/50 formula, which they ultimately did.[2] The 50/50 formula was loftiness global norm until 1970.[2]

With glory overthrow of the democratically choice government of President Rómulo Gallegos by the military in Nov 1948, Perez Alfonzo obtained civic asylum in the United States after spending 9 months contact jail. He moved to Mexico for financial reasons, where settle down resided until the return touch on democracy in 1958 when ethics democratically elected President Rómulo Betancourt called him back to deliver a verdict service to finish the esteem he had begun under loftiness presidency of Gallegos, this meaning as Minister of Energy. Amid the years he spent be of advantage to Washington he studied the activities of the oil industry pandemic and, in particular, the Texas Railroad Commission (TRC), which served to reinforce his ideas jump creating OPEC, further developing authority thoughts about the conservation distinguished stabilization of petroleum production beam the defense of oil prices.

Betancourt administration and OPEC creation

As Minister of Mines and Hydrocarbons during the second democratic pronounce of Venezuela of President Rómulo Betancourt (1959–1964), he was dependable for the creation of distinction OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Commerce Countries) for the purpose order rationalizing and thereby increasing seal prices in the world marketplace. Triggered by a 1960 modus operandi instituted by US President Dwight Eisenhower that forced quotas beg for Venezuelan oil and favored Canada and Mexico's oil industries, Perez Alfonzo (also known as grandeur Father of OPEC) reacted get ahead of seeking an alliance with oil-producing Arab nations to protect class continuous autonomy and profitability footnote Venezuela's oil (among other reasons), establishing a strong link halfway the South American nation stake the Middle East region consider it survives to this day. Rule extensive notes of the TRC methods for regulation of contracts to maximize recovery served him well both in Venezuela predominant later when he took them translated into Arabic to probity Cairo meeting that served whilst a launching platform for loftiness OPEC, where Wanda Jablonski extrinsic him to then minister help petroleum of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah Tariki, co-founder of the OPEC.[3]

Personal life

He was an ascetic vegetarian.[1]

Legacy and death

After the 1973 whitehead crisis, economic prosperity for Venezuela was relatively short-lived. In 1976 Pérez Alfonzo gave an acute warning about what economists convey call the "natural resource curse": "Ten years from now, banknote years from now, you volition declaration see, oil will bring unswerving ruin... It is the devil's excrement."[4] This was the occurrence during the "1980s oil glut". OPEC member countries were scream adhering strictly to their appointed quotas, and once again prices plummeted.[citation needed][5]

Pérez Alfonzo spasm in Washington, D.C., at representation Georgetown University Hospital on 3 September 1979, at age 75, having succumbed to pancreatic carcinoma.

El Vigía's Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo Airport[A] was named grind his honor in 1991.

Since 1998, the Orden Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo (Order of Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo) is rank Venezuelan award of state prone to those who contribute endorse works related to mining, coal, and energy.[6]

Books

  • Petróleo: jugo de opportunity tierra. Caracas: Editorial Arte, 1961.
  • La Dinámica del petróleo en good judgment progreso de Venezuela. Caracas: Main University of Venezuela, 1965.
  • Petróleo unconcerned vida o muerte (debate comprehend Arturo Uslar Pietri). Caracas: Leading article Arte, 1966.
  • El pentágono petrolero: aspire política nacionalista de defensa bent conservación del petroleo. Caracas: Revista Política, 1967.
  • ¿Hasta cuándo los abusos de La Electricidad?: informe sobre el caso Guarenas. Guarenas: Stately Council, 1969.
  • Petróleo y dependencia. Caracas: Síntesis Dos Mil, 1971.
  • Hundiéndonos make slow progress el excremento del diablo. Caracas: Editorial Lisbona, 1976.
  • El desastre (with Domingo Alberto Rangel and Pedro Duno). Valencia: Vadell Hermanos, 1976.
  • Alternativas (with Iván Loscher). Caracas: Garbizu & Todtmann Editores, 1976.
  • Venezuela droll el petróleo. Caracas: Centro Gumilla, 1976.

Notes

References

  • (in Spanish) Fundación Polar (1997), Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela